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Neuropathology --- peptiden --- neurologie --- neurochemie --- zenuwstelsel --- neurobiologie --- aminozuren
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This book presents a comprehensive overview of the roles of ᴅ-amino acids and latest research findings, to reveal their fascinating aspects and to facilitate better understanding of their important roles in physiology and diseases. It also provides useful hints for the development of drugs and functional foods. ᴅ-Amino acids were once called unnatural amino acids and were considered to be insignificant for eukaryotes especially in mammals. However, different ᴅ-amino acids have been revealed to be distributed in various mammalian tissues and to bear important physiological roles. For example, ᴅ-serine is implicated in memory formation and learning, and its abnormal concentration in tissues have been reported in neurological diseases such as schizophrenia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ᴅ-Aspartate is found in a variety of mammalian tissues, particularly in the central nervous system and the genitals. ᴅ-Aspartate facilitates the endocrine secretion of prolactin, inhibits the secretion of melatonin, and plays a peculiar role in the control of reproductive functions in mammals, including the stimulation of testosterone synthesis. Written by the leading scientists in the field, this book is a valuable source of information for researchers in biochemistry, physiology, and neuroscience, as well as in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
General biochemistry --- Biology --- biochemie --- biologie --- geslachtshormonen --- aminozuren
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1. Sweeteners, Prof. Dr. Gert-Wolfhard von Rymon Lipinski; gwvrl@t-online.de 2. Biopreservatives, Dr. Dieter Elsser-Gravesen; deg@isifoodprotection.com 3. Biotechnological Production of Colorants, Dr. Lex de Boer; deboergoense@telfort.nl 4. Acidic organic compounds in beverage, food and feed production, Hendrich Quitmann, hendrich.quitmann@kmub.thm.de 5. Industrial Production of L-Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) and D-Isoascorbic Acid, Dr. Hans-Peter Hohmann; hans-peter.hohmann@dsm.com 6. Amino acids (legal equivalence to food additives), Dr. Andreas Karau; andreas.karau@evonik.com 7. Food & Feed enzymes, Prof. Dr. Holger Zorn; holger.zorn@lcb.chemie.uni-giessen.de 8. Recent developments in manufacturing oligosaccharides with prebiotic function, Prof. Dr. Peter Czermak; peter.czermak@kmub.thm.de .
Chemistry --- Food science and technology --- voedingschemie --- voedingstechnologie --- chemie --- biotechnologie --- enzymen --- aminozuren
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Fundamental biochemical studies of basic brain metabolism focusing on the neuroactive amino acids glutamate and GABA combined with the seminal observation that one of the key enzymes, glutamine synthetase is localized in astroglial cells but not in neurons resulted in the formulation of the term “The Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle.” In this cycle glutamate released from neurons is taken up by surrounding astrocytes, amidated by the action of glutamine synthetase to glutamine which can be transferred back to the neurons. The conversion of glutamate to glutamine is like a stealth technology, hiding the glutamate molecule which would be highly toxic to neurons due to its excitotoxic action. This series of reactions require the concerted and precise interaction of a number of enzymes and plasma membrane transporters, and this volume provides in-depth descriptions of these processes. Obviously such a series of complicated reactions may well be prone to malfunction and therefore neurological diseases are likely to be associated with such malfunction of the enzymes and transporters involved in the cycle. These aspects are also discussed in several chapters of the book. A number of leading experts in neuroscience including intermediary metabolism, enzymology and transporter physiology have contributed to this book which provides comprehensive discussions of these different aspects of the functional importance of the glutamate-glutamine cycle coupling homeostasis of glutamatergic, excitatory neurotransmission to basic aspects of brain energy metabolism. This book will be of particular importance for students as well as professionals interested in these fundamental processes involved in brain function and dysfunction.
Pathological biochemistry --- Neuropathology --- Human medicine --- medische biochemie --- neurologie --- biochemie --- biomedische wetenschappen --- moleculaire biologie --- enzymen --- aminozuren
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This work is recognised as the standard textbook for professionals involved in the diagnosis and management of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) and an essential resource in this multidisciplinary field. For the 6th edition all 43 chapters have been newly written or revised by authors with particular expertise in their subject areas. Contents A clinical and biochemical approach to the recognition and diagnosis of IEM with algorithms to symptoms, signs, and syndromes in patients of all ages; Emergency treatments; Medications. Separate comprehensive sections on IEM of: Carbohydrates; Mitochondrial Energy; Amino and organic acids; Vitamin-responsive defects; Neurotransmitter and Small peptides, Lipid and Bile Acids; Nucleic Acid and Heme; Organelles. Disorders affecting the synthesis and remodelling of complex lipids and fatty acid homeostasis are now included. The Editors Jean-Marie Saudubray, M.D., is Emeritus Professor of Pediatrics and Expert Metabolic Consultant at the adult neuro-metabolic unit in the Hôpital La Pitié Salpétrière from the Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris. Matthias R. Baumgartner, M.D., Professor of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Medicine, University of Zurich, is Head of the Division of Metabolism and the Swiss Newborn Screening Programme at the University Children’s Hospital, Zurich. John Walter, M.D. is Honorary Clinical Professor of Inherited Metabolic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Willink Unit, Manchester.
Paediatrics --- Human genetics --- Pathological endocrinology --- Neuropathology --- vetzuren --- medische genetica --- hersenen --- endocrinologie --- genetica --- pediatrie --- aminozuren
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This proceedings records the 31st International Colloquium on Group Theoretical Methods in Physics (“Group 31”). Plenary-invited articles propose new approaches to the moduli spaces in gauge theories (V. Pestun, 2016 Weyl Prize Awardee), the phenomenology of neutrinos in non-commutative space-time, the use of Hardy spaces in quantum physics, contradictions in the use of statistical methods on complex systems, and alternative models of supersymmetry. This volume’s survey articles broaden the colloquia’s scope out into Majorana neutrino behavior, the dynamics of radiating charges, statistical pattern recognition of amino acids, and a variety of applications of gauge theory, among others. This year’s proceedings further honors Bertram Kostant (2016 Wigner Medalist), as well as S.T. Ali and L. Boyle, for their life-long contributions to the math and physics communities. The aim of the ICGTMP is to provide a forum for physicists, mathematicians, and scientists of related disciplines who develop or apply methods in group theory to share their research. The 31st ICGTMP was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from June 19th to June 25th, 2016. This was the first time that a colloquium of the prestigious and traditional ICGTMP series (which started in 1972 in Marseille, France) took place in South America. (The history of the colloquia can be found at http://icgtmp.blogs.uva.es/).
Group theory --- Mathematical physics --- Quantum mechanics. Quantumfield theory --- patroonherkenning --- quantumfysica --- quantumtheorie --- wiskunde --- fysica --- aminozuren
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Space research --- Astrophysics --- Organic chemistry --- Biogeography --- General biochemistry --- Biology --- astrofysica --- organische chemie --- biogeografie --- biochemie --- biologie --- ruimte (astronomie) --- ruimtevaart --- aminozuren
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This volume offers a comprehensive guide on the theory and practice of amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) for handling challenges associated with poorly soluble drugs. In twenty-three inclusive chapters, the book examines thermodynamics and kinetics of the amorphous state and amorphous solid dispersions, ASD technologies, excipients for stabilizing amorphous solid dispersions such as polymers, and ASD manufacturing technologies, including spray drying, hot melt extrusion, fluid bed layering and solvent-controlled micro-precipitation technology (MBP). Each technology is illustrated by specific case studies. In addition, dedicated sections cover analytical tools and technologies for characterization of amorphous solid dispersions, the prediction of long-term stability, and the development of suitable dissolution methods and regulatory aspects. The book also highlights future technologies on the horizon, such as supercritical fluid processing, mesoporous silica, KinetiSol®, and the use of non-salt-forming organic acids and amino acids for the stabilization of amorphous systems. Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Theory and Practice is a valuable reference to pharmaceutical scientists interested in developing bioavailable and therapeutically effective formulations of poorly soluble molecules in order to advance these technologies and develop better medicines for the future. .
Pharmacology. Therapy --- Pathological biochemistry --- Human medicine --- drogen --- thermodynamica --- medische biochemie --- farmacologie --- biochemie --- biomedische wetenschappen --- polymeren --- moleculaire biologie --- oplosmiddelen --- aminozuren
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Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidases (γ-GTs) are members of the N-terminal nucleophile hydrolase superfamily, enzymes that cleave the γ-glutamyl amide bond of glutathione to liberate cysteinylglycine. The released γ-glutamyl group can be transferred to water (hydrolysis) or to amino acids or short peptides (transpeptidation). γ-GT plays a key role in the gamma glutamyl cycle by regulating the cellular levels of the antioxidant glutathione, hence it is a critical enzyme in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis.γ-GT is upregulated during inflammation and in several human tumors, and it is involved in many physiological disorders related to oxidative stress, such as Parkinson’s disease and diabetes. Furthermore, this enzyme is used as a marker of liver disease and cancer. This book covers current knowledge about the structure-function relationship of γ-GTs and gives information about applications of γ-GTs in different fields ranging from clinical biochemistry to biotechnology and biomedicine.
Enzymology --- Biology --- Human physiology --- Biochemical engineering --- tumoren --- klinische chemie --- bio-engineering --- biochemie --- biologie --- biotechnologie --- fysiologie --- enzymen --- aminozuren
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Corynebacterium glutamicum was discovered in Japan in 1956 as a natural glutamate producer. Its “microbial factory” qualities, such as its physiological plasticity and robust catalytic functionalities, have since facilitated the development of efficient production processes for amino acids, nucleotides and vitamins. This monograph illustrates how the information gleaned from complete genome sequencing allows the rational engineering of the entire cellular metabolism and how systems biology permits the further optimization of C. glutamicum as a biocatalyst. Aspects of gene regulation, metabolic pathways, sugar uptake, protein secretion, cell division and biorefinery applications highlight the enormous biotechnological and biorefinery potential.
General microbiology --- General biochemistry --- Biology --- Medical microbiology, virology, parasitology --- Biotechnology --- toegepaste microbiologie --- biorefinery --- biochemie --- biologie --- microbiologie --- biotechnologie --- aminozuren
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