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The idea of this volume took shape within a group of scholars working on the history of science in Asia. Despite the great differences in time, locations and disciplines between our respective fields of research, we all faced similar situations: among the huge mass of written documents available to historians and that were eventually taken as sources in the historiography of science, some had been well studied while others had been dismissed or ignored. This observation will seem obvious to historians, whose daily work consists in shaping corpuses to raise new questions. The diagnosis has long been established that such selections related to the historians' agenda and thereby reflected the ways in which historiography somehow belonged to its time. Yet, it appeared to us that this diagnosis was insufficient and that the selective consideration of source material was also at least partly related to mechanisms of selection that occurred upstream from the historian's classical work of shaping a corpus. Therefore, we came to the idea that, in order to write, or to rewrite, chapters in the history of science, historians may benefit from relying on a critical analysis of the factors that, along history, shaped the documents that have become their sources or the collections from which they constitute their corpuses. It is to the development of such a branch of critical analysis in the history of science, to its methods and to its benefits to be illustrated in carefully chosen case studies , that we suggest to devote a collective research and a book. We want to inquire into how the corpuses we form incorporate long sequences of selections and reorganizations that took place in history and that must be brought to light if we do not want various types of actors of the past to carve their choices and conceptions into our questions and conclusions.

Philosophy of science --- Asia --- Science --- Natural science --- Natural sciences --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Historiography --- History&delete& --- Sources --- History

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Each volume in the 7-volume series The World of Science Education reviews research in a key region of the world. These regions include North America, South and Latin America, Asia, Australia and New Zealand, Europe, Arab States, and Sub-Saharan Africa. The focus of this Handbook is on science education in Europe. In producing this volume the editors have invited a range of authors to describe their research in the context of developments in the continent and further afield. In reading this book you are invited to consider the historical, social and political contexts that have driven developments in science education research over the years. A unique feature of science education in Europe is the impact of the European Union on research and development over many years. A growing number of multi-national projects have contributed to the establishment of a community of researchers increasingly accepting of methodological diversity. That is not to say that Europe is moving towards homogeneity, as this volume clearly shows.

Education. --- Education, general. --- Children --- Education, Primitive --- Education of children --- Human resource development --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Civilization --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Schools --- Teaching --- Training --- Education --- Science --- Study and teaching --- Natural science --- Natural sciences --- Science of science --- Sciences

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The present book, which contains seventeen newly commissioned articles, aims to give a rich overview of the current state of research by Turkish philosophers and historians of science. Topics covered address issues in methodology, causation, and reduction, and include philosophy of logic and physics, philosophy of psychology and language, and Ottoman science studies. The book also contains un unpublished interview with Maria Reichenbach, Hans Reichenbach's wife, which sheds new light on Reichenbach's academic and personal life in Istanbul and at UCLA. This volume is primarily intended for researchers in the philosophy and history of science. However, it should also be valuable to other philosophers working in fields such as epistemology, metaphysics, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of language, as well as to physicists, cognitive scientists and liguists interested in philosophical issues. "Philosophy is alive and well in Turkey. This is a wonderful volume, chock-full of first-rate essay by Turkish philosophers and historians of science. Readers will also learn something about the early days of analytical philosophy in Turkey. The interview that Güven Güzeldere conducted with Maria Reichenbach and David Kaplan is a fascinating read. If, however, your department is fighting for more office space, keep the volume out of the hands of your university administrators. Maria Reichenbach reports: `Hans by the way shared an office with Bertrand Russell when he was at UCLA'." Brian McLaughlin, Professor and Chair, Philosophy Department, Rutgers University

Psychology --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy of science --- Pure sciences. Natural sciences (general) --- Philosophy of language --- wetenschapsgeschiedenis --- epistomologie --- taalfilosofie --- kennisleer --- persoonlijkheidsleer --- Turkey --- Science --- Philosophy --- History --- Natural science --- Natural sciences --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Normal science

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As the number, availability, and often the invasiveness and associated risks of new cardiovascular treatments expands, health care providers are increasingly called upon to decide whether or not to recommend these therapies to the increasing numbers of older patients with cardiovascular disease. In Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly, a panel of clinicians, researchers, and leaders in the field review and discuss the latest findings on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of cardiovascular disease in the older patient. The authors explain the physiological changes associated with the normal aging process that may lead to the development of disease, to adverse consequences once disease develops, and which alter the risk-benefit equation for medical and other interventions designed to diagnose, assess, and treat cardiovascular disease. The focus is on particularly common syndromes in the elderly, including cardiac failure with normal ejection fraction, isolated systolic hypertension, and atrial fibrillation. Wherever possible, the authors take an evidence-based approach to recommendations and rely heavily on prospective clinical trials. The value of lifestyle changes in the aging population, the use of primary and secondary prevention strategies, and the treatment of acute and chronic ischemic disease and its complications are also discussed. Comprehensive and authoritative, Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly offers physicians and other providers who care for the older patient a gold-standard approach to understanding and managing cardiovascular disease in this group.

Cardiovascular Diseases --- Aging --- Geriatric cardiology. --- Cardiologie gériatrique --- physiopathology --- Aged. --- physiology. --- therapy --- Cardiovascular Diseases. --- Geriatric cardiology --- Diseases --- Growth and Development --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Adult --- Age Groups --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Physiological Processes --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Persons --- Physiological Phenomena --- Named Groups --- Phenomena and Processes --- Aged --- Physiology --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Medicine. --- Cardiology. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Cardiology --- Heart --- Internal medicine

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Offers an overview of the knowledge of gastrointestinal immunology and the commensal microbiology of the gut. This book includes chapters dedicated to methodologies used to investigate the microbiota and host: molecular analysis of microbial diversity and gnotobiotic research.

Biomedicine. --- Biomedicine general. --- Immunology. --- Medicine. --- Médecine --- Immunologie --- Bacterial Physiology. --- Gastrointestinal system. --- Gastrointestinal Tract. --- Gastrointestinal system --- Gastrointestinal Tract --- Physiology --- Microbiology --- Bacterial Physiological Phenomena --- Biology --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Digestive System --- Microbiological Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Anatomy --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Immunology --- Anatomies --- Natural Sciences --- Physical Sciences --- Discipline, Natural Science --- Disciplines, Natural Science --- Natural Science --- Natural Science Discipline --- Physical Science --- Science, Natural --- Science, Physical --- Sciences, Natural --- Sciences, Physical --- Microbial Concepts --- Microbial Phenomena --- Microbiologic Concepts --- Microbiological Phenomenon --- Microbiological Process --- Phenomena, Microbiologic --- Microbiologic Phenomena --- Microbiological Processes --- Concept, Microbial --- Concept, Microbiologic --- Concepts, Microbial --- Concepts, Microbiologic --- Microbial Concept --- Microbiologic Concept --- Phenomena, Microbial --- Phenomena, Microbiological --- Phenomenon, Microbiological --- Process, Microbiological --- Processes, Microbiological --- Ailmentary System --- Alimentary System --- Biologic Sciences --- Biological Science --- Science, Biological --- Sciences, Biological --- Biological Sciences --- Life Sciences --- Biologic Science --- Biological Science Discipline --- Discipline, Biological Science --- Disciplines, Biological Science --- Life Science --- Science Discipline, Biological --- Science Disciplines, Biological --- Science, Biologic --- Science, Life --- Sciences, Biologic --- Sciences, Life --- Bacterial Physiological Concepts --- Bacterial Physiological Phenomenon --- Bacterial Process --- Physiology, Bacterial --- Bacterial Physiology --- Bacterial Processes --- Bacterial Physiological Concept --- Concept, Bacterial Physiological --- Concepts, Bacterial Physiological --- Phenomena, Bacterial Physiological --- Phenomenon, Bacterial Physiological --- Process, Bacterial --- Processes, Bacterial --- Bacteria --- GI Tract --- Digestive Tract --- Digestive Tracts --- GI Tracts --- Gastrointestinal Tracts --- Gastro-intestinal system --- Gastrointestinal tract --- GI tract --- Tract, Gastrointestinal --- Tract, GI --- physiology --- Conformal mapping --- -Functions of complex variables --- -Potential theory (Mathematics) --- -Complex variables --- Conformal representation of surfaces --- Mapping, Conformal --- Transformation, Conformal --- Surfaces, Representation of --- -Analysis--?<061.3> --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Functional analysis --- Functions of complex variables --- Potential theory (Mathematics) --- 517 <061.3> --- Geometric function theory --- Mappings (Mathematics) --- Transformations (Mathematics) --- 517 <061.3> Analysis--?<061.3> --- Analysis--?<061.3> --- Congresses --- Complex analysis --- Congresses. --- Health Workforce --- Fonctions d'une variable complexe --- Fonctions de plusieurs variables complexes --- Functions of complex variables - Congresses --- Conformal mapping - Congresses --- Potential theory (Mathematics) - Congresses --- Functional analysis - Congresses --- Theorie du potentiel