Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Patent laws are different in many countries, and inventors are sometimes at a loss to understand which basic requirements should be satisfied if an invention is to be granted a patent. This is particularly true for inventions implemented on a computer. While roughly a third of all applications (and granted patents) relate, in one way or another, to a computer, applications where the innovation mainly resides in software or in a business method are treated differently by the major patent offices in the US (USPTO), Japan (JPO) and Europe (EPO). The authors start with a thorough introduction to patent laws and practices, and to related intellectual property rights, also explaining the procedures at the USPTO, JPO and EPO, and, in particular, the peculiarities in the treatment of applications centring on software or computers. Based on this theoretical description they then present, in a very structured way, a comprehensive set of case studies from differing areas including business methods, databases, graphical user interfaces and digital rights management. Each set starts with a short description and claim for the "invention", explains a patent examiner’s likely arguments, then eventually refines step by step to avoid basic reservations against the content. All of these case studies are based on real-world examples, and will thus give an inexperienced developer a strong sense of the level of technical detail and description that should be provided. Together, Closa, Gardiner, Giemsa and Machek have more than 70 years experience in the patent business. With their academic backgrounds in physics, electronics engineering and computer science, they know both the legal and the technological subtleties of computer-based inventions. With this book, they provide a guide to a patent examiner’s way of thinking in a clear and systematic manner, helping to prepare the first steps towards a successful patent application.

Computer Science. --- Legal Aspects of Computing. --- Commercial Law. --- Law and Economics. --- Computers and Society. --- Computer science. --- Computers --- Commercial law. --- Informatique --- Ordinateurs --- Droit commercial --- Law and legislation. --- Droit --- Computer science --- Law and legislation --- Computers_xLaw and legislation. --- Patent laws and legislation --- Computer software --- Computer programs --- Law, General & Comparative --- Computer Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Patents --- Patent laws and legislation. --- Law, Patent --- Scientific property --- Computers and civilization. --- Computers. --- Law and economics. --- Industrial laws and legislation --- Industrial property --- Trade regulation --- Copyright --- Informatics --- Science --- Economics and jurisprudence --- Economics and law --- Jurisprudence and economics --- Economics --- Jurisprudence --- Business --- Business law --- Commerce --- Law, Commercial --- Mercantile law --- Law --- Law merchant --- Maritime law --- Cyberspace --- Civilization and computers --- Civilization --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic brains --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Machine theory --- Calculators --- Computers - Law and legislation --- Computers - Law and legislation - Japan --- Computers - Law and legislation - United States --- Computers - Law and legislation - Europe --- Computer science - Law and legislation

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Ruimtelijke ordening ; recht ; Vlaanderen --- Regional planning --- Law and legislation --- Belgium --- Land use --- Flanders (Belgium)

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Recent years have witnessed a rapidly growing interest in the use and construction of "qualitative" indicators of labour standards. Qualitative indicators, while generally having numerical values, are based on such methods as grading by experts, the coding of legislation, and the coding of other textual sources addressing violations of a more de facto nature. Measuring compliance with labour standards is an undertaking intrinsically fraught with difficulty. For there are a number of possible sources of measurement error, both random and non-random, that are unique to such indicators, on top of those that affect qualitative and quantitative indicators alike. The growing use of qualitative indicators of labour standards thus raises a number of questions about comparative methods of construction as well as the appropriateness of particular methods for particular applications. This volume results from a seminar that was organized by the International Labour Office (ILO) to address these and related questions, bringing together experts from the ILO, universities and NGOs.

Employee rights. --- Labor laws and legislation --- Comparative method. --- Employees --- Employment law --- Industrial relations --- Labor law --- Labor standards (Labor law) --- Work --- Working class --- Industrial laws and legislation --- Social legislation --- Employee rights --- Labor rights --- Rights of employees --- Civil rights --- Employee rules --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Law and legislation --- Labor policy --- Labor --- Travail --- Congresses. --- Standards --- Politique gouvernementale --- Congrès --- Normes --- Droit --- EPUB-LIV-FT LIVSOCIA SPRINGER-B --- Social Indicators --- Labor Laws And Legislation --- Social Science --- Law

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

In its Annual Report 2003/2004, the German Council of Economic Experts launched a dual income tax as an option for a fundamental tax reform in Germany. In February 2005, the German government appointed the Council to prepare a detailed report on economic effects of a business tax reform, with special emphasis on a dual income tax. With regard to the latter, conceptual problems of tax law and of tax administration were to be addressed as well as possible transitional problems when implementing a dual income tax. This book presents an English version of the original report completed in April 2006.

inkomstenbelastingen --- financieel recht --- Public economics --- Public finance --- overheidsfinanciën --- Financial law --- Corporations --- Business enterprises --- Income tax --- Taxation --- Law and legislation

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Communautés européennes --- Environnement --- Europese Gemeenschappen --- Milieu --- European Union --- Pollution --- Enquête --- surveys --- Politique de l'environnement --- Environmental policies --- Changement technologique --- technological changes --- Changement climatique --- Climatic change --- Coopération internationale --- International cooperation --- Gestion des ressources --- resource management --- Administration --- administration --- Législation --- legislation --- world --- administration. --- legislation. --- Reseau