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As an intricate association between a fungus and one or more green algae or cyanobacteria, lichens are one of the most successful examples of symbiosis. These fascinating organisms survive extreme desiccation and temperatures. They are adapted to a great variety of habitats, from coastal fog zones of deserts to intertidal zones, from plant leaves in tropical rain forests to the glacial moraines of the Himalayas, and they are dominant components of communities in circumpolar ecosystems. Possibly, because of their tendency to grow in nutrient-poor habitats, lichens are extremely efficient accumulators of atmospherically deposited pollutants, and are therefore widely used to monitor environmental pollution. The wide range of secondary products only found in lichens show pharmaceutically interesting fungicidal, antibacterial and antiviral properties. Lichens are extremely difficult to culture, grow very slowly, and their secondary metabolites very often complicate the analyses of other compounds. As a result, they require special techniques. This manual provides well-tested protocols, including tissue culture protocols and methods for studying lichen ultrastructure, (eco)physiology, primary and secondary compounds, and nucleic acids. Protocols for using lichens to monitor environmental pollution and to document lichen biodiversity are also provided. Special terms used in lichenology are explained in a glossary.

Lichenology --- Mossen --- Korstmossen --- Plant science. --- Botany. --- Biotechnology. --- Ecotoxicology. --- Ecology . --- Plant Sciences. --- Ecology. --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Ecotoxicology --- Pollutants --- Pollution --- Environmental health --- Toxicology --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Natural history --- Plants --- Ecology --- Floristic botany --- LICHENOLOGY --- LABORATORY MANUALS

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This book presents a comprehensive scientific overview of the components and processes that underpin the biological characteristics of soil fertility. It demonstrates the interdependence of soil biological fertility with physical and chemical characteristics of soil. The book highlights the enormous diversity of life in soil and the resulting effects that management of land can have on the contribution of this diverse community to soil fertility in an agricultural context. It is becoming more relevant to explore soil biological processes in terms of their contribution to soil fertility.

Soil biology. --- Soil fertility. --- Land use. --- Sustainable agriculture. --- Sols --- Utilisation du sol --- Agriculture durable --- Biologie --- Fertilité --- Environment. --- Soil Science & Conservation. --- Soil conservation. --- Plant science. --- Botany. --- Soil science. --- Plant Sciences. --- Low-input agriculture --- Low-input sustainable agriculture --- Lower input agriculture --- Resource-efficient agriculture --- Sustainable farming --- Agriculture --- Alternative agriculture --- Soils --- Fallowing --- Fertilizers --- Soil productivity --- Biology --- Natural history --- Land --- Land utilization --- Use of land --- Utilization of land --- Economics --- Land cover --- Landscape assessment --- NIMBY syndrome --- Fertilization --- Fertilizer movement --- Conservation of soil --- Erosion control, Soil --- Soil erosion --- Soil erosion control --- Agricultural conservation --- Soil management --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Plants --- Control --- Prevention --- Conservation --- Pedology (Soil science) --- Earth sciences --- Floristic botany --- Soil Science. --- Plant Science.

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Genomics of the Rosaceae Edited by Kevin M. Folta and Susan E. Gardiner Plant Genetics and Genomics: Crops and Models book series provides current overviews and summaries of the state of the art in genetics and genomics for each of the important crop plants and genetic models for which such a volume does not now exist or is out of date. Volumes will focus on a single crop, species, or group of close relatives, including especially those plants that already have advanced genomic resources developed and preferably complete or advancing genome sequences. The Rosaceae Family includes many significant fruit, nut, ornamental and wood crops. Traditionally their large stature, long juvenility periods, and often complicated genomes presented little opportunity for genetic or genomic inquiry. But the new millennium brings with it new challenges to production of the highly desirable products from this family, challenges that genetic and genomic tools may help resolve. Together necessity and scientific curiosity conspire to launch deep exploration of rosaceous crop biology. This volume originates at an acceleration point for Roscaeae genomics. A foundation of outstanding tools has been developed in a cross-section of species. The successes and failures of various approaches have been documented from model systems and inform our attack on questions within the valued crops within the Rosaceae. The text within describes the species and products of this plant family along with a synopsis of the current state of research presented from experts active on the front line of Rosaceae genomics research. Kevin M. Folta is a native of Chicago, Illinois USA. Kevin completed his Ph.D. work in identification of blue light regulated promoter elements and post-transcriptional light-regulated mRNA stability at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Postdoctoral work at the University of Wisconsin centered on light regulated electrophysiology, gene expression and high-resolution growth monitoring. Kevin has maintained a unique research program in photomorphogenesis and a separate emphasis in strawberry genomics at the University of Florida in Gainesville, FL. He is active in public science education and has won awards for dedication to undergraduate research. Susan E. Gardiner grew up on a sheep farm in Christchurch, New Zealand. Home schooled as a child, Sue later obtained both her undergraduate degree and PhD in Biochemistry from Otago University in Dunedin, New Zealand. Her post-doctoral period was spent in Freiburg, Germany, where she worked to elucidate the mechanism of differential regulation of the enzymes of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in a parsley cell culture system irradiated with UV light. In 1980, Sue joined the Plant Physiology Division of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) in Palmerston North, New Zealand where she first worked on the elucidation of chloroplast glycerolipid biosynthesis and later developed techniques for distinguishing varieties of pasture grasses and legumes. Sue’s work on gene mapping in apple began in 1990 at DSIR and continued when DSIR was restructured into HortResearch in 1992. Today, Sue leads a team working to unravel the genetic architecture of traits of fruit crops central to New Zealand fruit industries. Technological advancements in Genomics at HortResearch proved to be critical in her success in identification of ‘breeder-friendly markers for traits of economic value.’ Sue has developed an extensive network of international collaborators in Rosaceae genomics, and recently completed a 2-year term as Chair of the International Rosaceae Genomics Initiative. Sue derives her greatest satisfaction from seeing her team’s marker technologies being used by breeders.

Genomics. --- Plant genomes. --- Rosaceae --Genetics. --- Rosaceae --- Genomics --- Plant genomes --- Genetics --- Fungi & Algae --- Biology --- Botany --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Genetik. --- Genomik. --- Rosengewächse. --- Plant and Crop Sciences. Biology of Bacteria, Fungi and Plants --- Genetics. --- Dicotyledonae --- Rosidae --- Rosales --- Rosales. --- Rose family (Plants) --- Genome research --- Genomes --- Research --- Life sciences. --- Plant science. --- Botany. --- Plant genetics. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Sciences. --- Plant Genetics & Genomics. --- Molecular genetics --- Plant Genetics and Genomics. --- Plants --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Natural history --- Floristic botany

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Sex is the queen of problems in evolutionary biology. Generations of researchers have investigated one of the last remaining evolutionary paradoxes: why sex exists at all. Given that sexual reproduction is costly from an evolutionary point of view, one could wonder why not all animals and plants reproduce asexually. Dozens of contemporary hypotheses attempt to explain the prevalence of sex and its advantages and predict the early extinction of fully asexual lineages. The major theme of this book is: what is the fate of animal and plant groups in which sex is lost? Initial chapters discuss theory behind asexual life: what major disadvantages do asexual groups have to face, what are the genetic and ecological consequences and what does this theory predict for more applied aspects of asexual life, for example in agricultural pests, diseases as well as in cultural crops such as grapes. Cases studies in many animals (focusing on both invertebrates and vertebrates) and plants reveal parallel, but also singularly novel adaptations to the absence of meiosis and syngamy. And last but not least, are asexuals really doomed to early extinction or do genuine ancient asexuals exist? This book assembles contributions from the most important research groups dealing with asexual evolution in eukaryotes. It is a milestone in research on parthenogenesis and will be useful to undergraduate as well as graduate students and to senior researchers in all fields of evolutionary biology, as the paradox of sex remains its queen of problems.

Parthenogenesis. --- Evolution (Biology) --- Parthogenesis --- Reproduction --- Animal evolution --- Animals --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Biology --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Phylogeny --- Evolution (Biology). --- Evolution, Molecular. --- Evolution. --- Jungfernzeugung. --- Parthenogenesis in animals. --- Ungeschlechtliche Fortpflanzung. --- Ecology. --- Botany. --- Zoology. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Plant Sciences. --- Natural history --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Plants --- Balance of nature --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Ecology --- Basic Sciences. Biology -- Evolution and Phylogeny. --- Evolutionary biology. --- Ecology . --- Plant science. --- Floristic botany

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Genetic Engineering: Principles and Methods presents state-of-the-art discussions in modern genetics and genetic engineering. Recent volumes have covered gene therapy research, genetic mapping, plant science and technology, transport protein biochemistry, and viral vectors in gene therapy, among many other topics. Volume Key Features: Genetic Engineering: Principles and Methods, Volume 27 contains discussions of contemporary and relevant topics in genetics, including: Identification and Analysis of Micrornas Dormancy and the Cell Cycle Long distance peptide and metal transport in plants Signaling in plant response to temperature and water stresses Nutrient transport and metabolism in plants Salt Stress Signaling and Mechanisms of Plant Salt Tolerance Gene cloning and expression Assisted folding and assembly of proteins This principles and methods approach to genetics and genetic engineering is essential reading for all academics, bench scientists, and industry professionals wishing to take advantage of the latest and greatest in this continuously emerging field. Jane K. Setlow, PhD. has championed the field of genetics for over 30 years, agreeing to edit Genetic Engineering: Principles & Methods since its inception in 1979. An internationally recognized scientist with numerous publications, Dr. Setlow is the former Chairperson of the NIH Recombinant DNA Molecule Advisory Committee (RAC). Her lab can found at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York.

Clone Cells. --- DNA. --- Genetic Engineering. --- Genetic engineering --- Cloning --- DNA --- Génie génétique --- Clonage --- ADN --- EPUB-LIV-FT SPRINGER-B LIVBIOMO LIVMEDEC --- Genetic engineering. --- Genetic recombination. --- Designed genetic change --- Engineering, Genetic --- Gene splicing --- Genetic intervention --- Genetic surgery --- Genetic recombination --- Biotechnology --- Transgenic organisms --- Recombination, Genetic --- Chromosomes --- Recombinant DNA --- Human genetics. --- Biochemistry. --- Botany. --- Human Genetics. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Plant Sciences. --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Biology --- Natural history --- Plants --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Genetics --- Heredity, Human --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology --- Composition --- Plant science. --- Floristic botany