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We are living in an ever more complex world, an epoch where human actions can accordingly acquire far-reaching potentialities. Complex and adaptive dynamical systems are ubiquitous in the world surrounding us and require us to adapt to new realities and the way of dealing with them. This primer has been developed with the aim of conveying a wide range of "commons-sense" knowledge in the field of quantitative complex system science at an introductory level, providing an entry point to this both fascinating and vitally important subject. The approach is modular and phenomenology driven. Examples of emerging phenomena of generic importance treated in this book are: -- The small world phenomenon in social and scale-free networks. -- Phase transitions and self-organized criticality in adaptive systems. -- Life at the edge of chaos and coevolutionary avalanches resulting from the unfolding of all living. -- The concept of living dynamical systems and emotional diffusive control within cognitive system theory. Technical course prerequisites are a basic knowledge of ordinary and partial differential equations and of statistics. Each chapter comes with exercises and suggestions for further reading - solutions to the exercises are also provided. This second edition adds a new chapter on quantifiying/measuring complexity in given systems, together with an introduction to information theory, has an expanded exercises and solutions section, and contains both revised and additional subsections.

Statistical physics --- theoretische fysica

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This tenth volume in the Poincaré Seminar Series describes recent developments at one of the most challenging frontiers in statistical physics - the deeply related fields of glassy dynamics, especially near the glass transition, and of the statics and dynamics of granular systems. These fields are marked by a vigorous interchange between experiment, theory, and numerical studies, all of which are well represented by the leading experts who have contributed articles to this volume. These articles are also highly pedagogical, as befits their origin in lectures to a broad scientific audience.  Highlights include a Galilean dialogue on the mean field and competing theories of the glass transition, a wide-ranging survey of colloidal glasses, and experimental as well as theoretical treatments of the relatively new field of dense granular flows. This book should be of broad general interest to both physicists and mathematicians.

Mathematics --- Statistical physics --- theoretische fysica --- wiskunde

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Understanding the distribution of income and wealth in an economy has been a classic problem in economics for the last hundred years. Apart from the rapidly decaying number density of people with their income crossing over to a robust power law for the very rich, known as the Pareto power-law, after Vilfredo Pareto. With the availability of accurate data from finance/income-tax departments of various countries, several robust features of the income distribution have been established. This field had been dormant for more than a decade, although accurate data had been accumulated over this period. The recent enthusiasm comes mainly from the physicists modelling of markets in analogy with physical systems like gases etc. This is the first book reporting exhaustively on these developments over the last decade by leaders in the field The book will report on the major models developed mainly by the (econo-) physicists over the last decade. Almost all the major physicists and economists involved in these studies will review their latest work and the associated developments.

Economics --- Statistical physics --- economie --- statistiek --- fysica

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This text gives a detailed account of various techniques that are used in the study of dynamics of continuous systems, near as well as far from equilibrium. The analytic methods covered include diagrammatic perturbation theory, various forms of the renormalization group and self-consistent mode coupling. Dynamic critical phenomena near a second order phase transition, phase ordering dynamics, dynamics of surface growth and turbulence form the backbone of the book. Applications to a wide variety of systems (e.g. magnets, ordinary fluids, superfluids) are provided covering diverse transport properties (diffusion, sound). It is unique in that it gives a detailed description of perturbation theory for nonlinear continuous systems, it focuses on techniques which can be applied to problems ranging from near equilibrium dynamics to fully developed turbulence, and it provides a discussion of physical properties (e.g. critical ultrasonics) that are generally not covered in text books. Audience: Beginning graduate students, senior undergraduates, researchers

Fluid mechanics --- Statistical physics --- materie (fysica) --- statistiek --- fysica --- vloeistoffen

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Il volume contiene in forma compatta il programma svolto negli insegnamenti introduttivi di statistica e tratta alcuni argomenti indispensabili per l'attività di ricerca, come ad esempio i metodi di simulazione Monte Carlo, le procedure di minimizzazione e le tecniche di analisi dei dati di laboratorio. Gli argomenti vengono sviluppati partendo dai fondamenti, evidenziandone gli aspetti applicativi, fino alla descrizione dettagliata di molti casi di particolare rilevanza in ambito scientifico e tecnico. Numerosi esempi ed esercizi risolti valorizzano l'opera ed aiutano il lettore nella comprensione dei punti più difficili ed importanti. Come ulteriore supporto, questa seconda edizione contiene molti programmi applicativi scritti col software libero Scilab, scaricabili dal sito web creato dagli autori. Il testo è rivolto agli studenti universitari dei corsi ad indirizzo scientifico e a tutti quei ricercatori che devono risolvere problemi concreti che coinvolgono aspetti statistici e  di simulazione. Per i programmi in Scilab e per il materiale ausiliario si veda: http://www.mi.imati.cnr.it/~marco/springer/index.html 

Statistical physics --- Engineering sciences. Technology --- statistische kwaliteitscontrole --- industriële statistieken