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Forensic medicine is a continuously evolving science that is constantly being updated and improved, not only as a result of technological and scientific advances (which bring almost immediate repercussions) but also because of developments in the social and legal spheres. This book contains innovative perspectives and approaches to classic topics and problems in forensic medicine, offering reflections about the potential and limits of emerging areas in forensic expert research; it transmits the experience of some countries in the domain of cutting-edge expert intervention, and shows how research in other fields of knowledge may have very relevant implications for this practice.

Medical jurisprudence. --- Radiology. --- Radiological physics --- Physics --- Radiation --- Forensic medicine --- Injuries (Law) --- Jurisprudence, Medical --- Legal medicine --- Forensic sciences --- Medicine --- Medical laws and legislation

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This book outlines for the first time in a single volume the theoretical and methodological tools for a study of human remains resulting from episodes of mass violence and genocide. Despite the highly innovative and contemporary research into both mass violence and the body, the most significant consequence of conflict - the corpse - remains absent from the scope of existing research. Why have human remains hitherto remained absent from our investigation, and how do historians, anthropologists and legal scholars, including specialists in criminology and political science, confront these difficult issues? By drawing on international case studies including genocides in Rwanda, the Khmer Rouge, Argentina, Russia and the context of post-World War II Europe, this ground-breaking edited collection opens new avenues of research. Multidisciplinary in scope, this volume will appeal to readers interested in an understanding of mass violence's aftermath.

Mass murder investigation. --- Mass burials. --- Forensic pathology. --- Pathology, Forensic --- Medical jurisprudence --- Pathology --- Coroners --- Medical examiners (Law) --- Mass graves --- Burial --- Murder --- Investigation --- Sociology --- Human Remains --- Ethics --- Genocide --- Violence --- Methodology --- Biopolitics --- Riot --- Ustashe

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La médecine légale s’ancre depuis longtemps dans les savoirs naturalistes et normatifs qui mettent en signes et sens judiciaires le corps meurtri. Connus des Romains selon le Digeste, en place dans les coutumiers médiévaux, imposés par la législation des États absolutistes dans les cas de grossesse illégitime, d’infanticide, d’empoisonnement et de blessures mortelles ou non, devenus routiniers et réglés par des Édits multipliés au temps des Lumières dans le cadre de la justice pénale, les savoirs médico-légaux s’imposent comme la médecine du crime. La médecine légale, qui s’est construite comme une science depuis le XIXe siècle entre la scène du crime, l’université, la morgue, le laboratoire et les cours de justice, a une histoire qui remonte à la Renaissance au moins. En atteste cet ouvrage constitué d’archives. Il donne à lire un corpus inédit d’environ 400 expertises médico-légales que signent au XVIIIe siècle à Genève des chirurgiens et des médecins assermentés en justice. Autour des enjeux judiciaires de l’expertise médico-légale qui limite l’arbitraire du juge, cette documentation permet d’historiciser la fabrique institutionnelle et sociale du savoir médico-légal sur le terrain du crime. L’investigation judiciaire et les expertises médico-légales qualifient et mesurent les conséquences morbides du passage à l’acte suicidaire ou criminel. Par l’objectivation naturaliste des plaies et des traumatismes, les experts mettent en indices judiciaires les corps meurtris.

Medical jurisprudence --- Autopsy --- Médecine légale --- Autopsie --- History --- Histoire --- Expertises médicales --- Enquêtes criminelles --- Evidence, Expert --- Expert Testimony --- Forensic Medicine --- history --- Geneva (Switzerland) --- History, 18th Century. --- Médecine légale --- Histoire. --- médecine --- corps humain --- histoire de la justice --- police scientifique --- fonctionnement judiciaire --- Expert Testimony. --- Expertises médicales --- Enquêtes criminelles --- history. --- histoire. --- Genève (Suisse)

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Although the discussion of the ethical, legal and medical problems of (late) abortion, prenatal diagnosis and embryopathic findings continues since the reform of the Pregnant Women and Family Welfare Amendment Act of 1995 and the related elimination of embryopathic indication for almost fifteen years, convincing solutions are still missing. This volume contains the contributions of the 3rd Workshop on Medical Law conducted on February 26 2008. They remind of the urgent need for reform and offer suggestions for the legal policy debate. In the focus of the contributions stand the (criminal) legal and medico-ethical "evaluation" of human life before birth and the question of how the involved professionals can handle their responsibility with the issue of a embryopathic findings, to ensure that the pregnant patient receives help and support during her emotionally stressful decision-making process, but also consider the right to life of the unborn child (especially in cases of extra-uterine viable). Obwohl die Diskussion um die ethischen, rechtlichen und medizinischen Probleme des Schwangerschafts(spät)abbruchs nach Pränataldiagnostik und embryopathischem Befund seit der Reform durch das Schwangeren- und Familienhilfeänderungsgesetz von 1995 und der damit verbundenen Abschaffung der embryopathischen Indikation seit bald fünfzehn Jahren geführt wird, fehlen noch immer überzeugende Lösungskonzepte. Die in diesem Band enthaltenen Beiträge des am 26. Februar 2008 veranstalteten 3. Göttinger Workshops zum Medizinrecht mahnen den dringenden Reformbedarf an und bieten Anregungen für die rechtspolitische Diskussion, die vor Kurzem mit einem Gesetzesentwurf aus den Reihen der CDU/CSU-Fraktion zur Änderung des Schwangerschaftskonfliktgesetzes erneut in Gang gesetzt wurde. Im Mittelpunkt der Beiträge stehen die (straf- )rechtliche und medizin-ethische Bewertung menschlichen Lebens vor der Geburt und die Frage, wie die beteiligten Professionen mit der Problematik eines embryopathischen Befundes verantwortlich umgehen können, damit die schwangere Patientin beim emotional belastenden Entscheidungsprozess die notwendige Hilfe und Unterstützung erhält, gleichzeitig aber auch dem Lebensrecht des ungeborenen Kindes (insbesondere in Fällen extrauteriner Lebensfähigkeit) angemessen Rechnung getragen werden kann.

Medical jurisprudence --- Late-term abortion --- Law --- Law and legislation --- Ethics --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Jurisprudence --- Legislation --- Late abortion --- Late second-trimester abortion --- Later abortion --- Second-trimester abortion, Late --- Third-trimester abortion --- Abortion --- pregnancy --- embryopathic --- termination of pregnancy --- abortion --- Arzt --- Indikation --- Pränataldiagnostik --- Schwangerschaft --- Schwangerschaftsabbruch --- Strafgesetzbuch (Deutschland)

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This open access book is the first comprehensive guide to a new soft computing technique which is used in complex forensic cases. The chapters include detailed technical and practical overviews, and discussions about the latest tools, open problems and ethical and legal issues involved. The book will be of interest to researchers and practitioners in forensic medicine and computational intelligence. The book is closely associated with a successful research initiative, MEPROCS (New Methodologies and Protocols of Forensic Identification by Craniofacial Superimposition). The project collaborators were: S. Damas, O. Ibáñez, M.I. Huete, T. Kahana, C. Wilkinson, E. Ferguson, C. Erolin, P.T. Jayaprakash, R. Jankauskas, F. Cavalli, K. Imaizumi, R. Vicente, D. Navega, E. Cunha, A.H. Ross, E. Veselovskaya, A. Abramov, P. Lestón, F. Molinero, E. Ruiz, F. Navarro, J. Cardoso, F. Viegas, D. Humpire, R. Hardiman, J. Clement, A. Valsecchi, B.R. Campomanes-Alvarez, C. Campomanes-Alvarez, A.S. Çağdır, T. Briers, M. Steyn, M. Viniero, D.N. Vieira, and O. Cordón.

Artificial intelligence. --- Forensic medicine. --- Computational intelligence. --- Forensic science. --- Health informatics. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Forensic Medicine. --- Computational Intelligence. --- Forensic Science. --- Health Informatics. --- Clinical informatics --- Health informatics --- Medical information science --- Information science --- Medicine --- Criminalistics --- Forensic science --- Science --- Criminal investigation --- Intelligence, Computational --- Artificial intelligence --- Soft computing --- Forensic medicine --- Injuries (Law) --- Jurisprudence, Medical --- Legal medicine --- Forensic sciences --- Medical laws and legislation --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Data processing --- Computer science --- Computational intelligence --- Medical jurisprudence.