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politique monetaire internationale --- crise monetaire --- taux de change --- mouvements internationaux des capitaux --- internationaal monetair beleid --- monetaire crisis --- wisselkoers --- internationaal kapitaalverkeer --- Capital market --- Financial crises --- International finance --- Money market --- Risk --- International monetary system --- International money --- Finance --- International economic relations --- Crashes, Financial --- Crises, Financial --- Financial crashes --- Financial panics --- Panics (Finance) --- Stock exchange crashes --- Stock market panics --- Crises --- Capital markets --- Market, Capital --- Financial institutions --- Loans --- Securities --- Crowding out (Economics) --- Efficient market theory --- Money markets --- Money --- Economics --- Uncertainty --- Probabilities --- Profit --- Risk-return relationships

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This comprehensive study responds to the growing concerns of economic, financial, political and social actors regarding the ever increasing exposure to new expanding risks. These risks are particularly related to natural disaster/environment pollution, technology, health and terrorism. For insurers the difficulty is encountered in adequately appraising and covering the potential liability stemming from these risks. It also sketches out some policy recommendations for decision makers in governments and in the business community on how to limit, prevent and manage such risks. In this perspective it will constitute a unique reference work for the attention of both OECD countries and emerging economies.

Compensation (Law) --- Insurance --- Liability insurance --- Risk --- assurances --- pays de l'ocde --- risk management --- 02.01.ZZD --- 347.721.3 --- 347.730 --- 347.737 --- 368.01 --- 368.04 --- AA / International- internationaal --- Assurance (Insurance) --- Coverage, Insurance --- Indemnity insurance --- Insurance coverage --- Insurance industry --- Insurance protection --- Mutual insurance --- Underwriting --- Finance --- Law --- Economics --- Uncertainty --- Probabilities --- Profit --- Risk-return relationships --- Insurance, Liability --- Indemnity against liability --- Government policy --- verzekeringen --- oeso landen --- Verzekeringswezen ; Algemeen ; Meerdere landen --- Verenigingen van verzekeringen en onderlinge bijstand --- Financiële instellingen: algemeen --- Wetgeving i.v.m. verzekeringen --- Belangrijkheid en evolutie van verzekeringen --- Controle van de verzekeringen --- Insurance. --- Risk. --- Liability insurance. --- Government policy.

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Investors have too often extrapolated from recent experience. In the 1950s, who but the most rampant optimist would have dreamt that over the next fifty years the real return on equities would be 9% per year? Yet this is what happened in the U.S. stock market. The optimists triumphed. However, as Don Marquis observed, an optimist is someone who never had much experience. The authors of this book extend our experience across regions and across time. They present a comprehensive and consistent analysis of investment returns for equities, bonds, bills, currencies and inflation, spanning sixteen countries, from the end of the nineteenth century to the beginning of the twenty-first. This is achieved in a clear and simple way, with over 130 color diagrams that make comparison easy. Crucially, the authors analyze total returns, including reinvested income. They show that some historical indexes overstate long-term performance because they are contaminated by survivorship bias and that long-term stock returns are in most countries seriously overestimated, due to a focus on periods that with hindsight are known to have been successful. The book also provides the first comprehensive evidence on the long-term equity risk premium--the reward for bearing the risk of common stocks. The authors reveal whether the United States and United Kingdom have had unusually high stock market returns compared to other countries. The book covers the U.S., the U.K., Japan, France, Germany, Canada, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, Australia, the Netherlands, Sweden, Belgium, Ireland, Denmark, and South Africa. Triumph of the Optimists is required reading for investment professionals, financial economists, and investors. It will be the definitive reference in the field and consulted for years to come.

-Stocks --- -#ECO:02.04:financiële sector geldmarkt kapitaalmarkt beleggingen beurs --- dividendes --- 333.630 --- 307.331 --- Common shares --- Common stocks --- Equities --- Equity capital --- Equity financing --- Shares of stock --- Stock issues --- Stock offerings --- Stock trading --- Trading, Stock --- Stock repurchasing --- Crowding out (Economics) --- -Prices --- -kapitaalmarkt --- dividenden --- Effecten: algemeenheden. --- Statistieken van de noteringen van de effecten. --- Capital market --- Investments, Foreign --- Investments --- Rate of return --- Stocks --- 332.6 --- eua --- international --- investissements --- marche des capitaux --- revenus --- royaume uni --- #ECO:02.04:financiële sector geldmarkt kapitaalmarkt beleggingen beurs --- AA / International- internationaal --- 336.7 --- 338 <09> --- 338 <09> Economische geschiedenis --- Economische geschiedenis --- 336.7 Geldwezen. Kredietwezen. Bankwezen. Financien. Monetaire econonomie. Beurswezen --- Geldwezen. Kredietwezen. Bankwezen. Financien. Monetaire econonomie. Beurswezen --- Capital exports --- Capital imports --- FDI (Foreign direct investment) --- Foreign direct investment --- Foreign investment --- Foreign investments --- International investment --- Offshore investments --- Outward investments --- Capital movements --- Capital markets --- Market, Capital --- Finance --- Financial institutions --- Loans --- Money market --- Securities --- Efficient market theory --- Bonds --- Corporations --- Going public (Securities) --- Stockholders --- Investment return --- Investment yield --- Return on equity --- Return on investment --- ROI (Rate of return) --- Capital investments --- Profit --- Ratio analysis --- Risk-return relationships --- Investing --- Investment management --- Portfolio --- Disinvestment --- Saving and investment --- Speculation --- History --- Prices --- vsa --- internationaal --- investeringen --- kapitaalmarkt --- inkomens --- verenigd koninkrijk --- Statistieken van de noteringen van de effecten --- Effecten: algemeenheden --- International finance --- Capital market - History - 20th century --- Investments - History - 20th century --- Stocks - Prices - History - 20th century --- Rate of return - History - 20th century --- Investments, Foreign - History - 20th century

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This chapter provides an overview of market practices, market structure, and official supervision and regulation in financial markets. This paper also highlights the key features of modern banking and over the counter (OTC) derivatives markets that seem to be relevant for assessing their functioning, their implications for systemic financial risks in the international financial system, and areas where improvements in ensuring financial stability can be obtained. The paper also describes how OTC derivatives activities have transformed modern financial intermediation and discusses how internationally active financial institutions have become exposed to additional sources of instability because of their large and dynamic exposures to the counterparty (credit) risks embodied in their OTC derivatives activities. In order to rebalance private and official roles, it is essential first to clarify the limits to market discipline in OTC derivatives markets, before leaning more heavily on aspects of market discipline that seem to work well in these markets.

Over-the-counter markets --- AA* / International - Internationaal --- 332.632 --- OTC markets --- Over-the-counter securities --- Unlisted securities markets --- Over-the-counter markets. --- Derivative securities --- International finance --- Risk --- 330.05 --- banques --- marche international financier --- banken --- financiën --- 333.109 --- 333.605 --- 339.7 --- Economics --- Uncertainty --- Probabilities --- Profit --- Risk-return relationships --- International monetary system --- International money --- Finance --- International economic relations --- Securities --- Derivative financial instruments --- Derivative financial products --- Derivative instruments --- Derivatives (Finance) --- Financial derivatives --- Structured notes (Securities) --- 339.7 Internationale financien. Buitenlands betalingsverkeer --(z.o {336}) --- Internationale financien. Buitenlands betalingsverkeer --(z.o {336}) --- internationale financiele markt --- Veiligheid. Bankovervallen. Bankrisico's --- Nieuwe financiële instrumenten --- Working papers --- Derivative securities. --- International finance. --- Risk. --- Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Investments: General --- Investments: Options --- Money and Monetary Policy --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Financing Policy --- Financial Risk and Risk Management --- Capital and Ownership Structure --- Value of Firms --- Goodwill --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Monetary economics --- Financial services law & regulation --- Investment & securities --- Public finance & taxation --- Derivative markets --- Credit --- Options --- Credit risk --- Financial markets --- Money --- Financial institutions --- Financial regulation and supervision --- Financial instruments --- Financial risk management --- Revenue --- United States