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Les images en provenance du Kivu se suivent et se ressemblent : des victimes civiles fuyant les zones de combat, des exactions et des viols perpétrés par toutes les forces armées impliquées dans le conflit, des Casques bleus plus observateurs qu’acteurs... Une guerre indissociable des événements au Rwanda en 1994. L’ombre du génocide plane toujours, même si le « droit de poursuite » de l’armée rwandaise contre les « génocidaires » aura surtout été la façade d’un pillage systématique et organisé de l’est du Congo. Si le vide politique à la suite de l’implosion de l’Etat n’a fait que compliquer la donne, il reste que la guerre couvait depuis longtemps. Dans une première partie, l’auteur décrit et analyse l’évolution du contexte politique et socio-économique au fil des décennies. Sont notamment abordées la dimension ethnique et la situation démographique caractérisée par des densités élevées. Vient ensuite le temps des seigneurs de la guerre – de Laurent-Désiré Kabila à Laurent Nkunda – et de bandes armées informes qui n’ont en général d’autre agenda que les razzias et le banditisme. La deuxième partie traite des « parrains » du Congo (ONU, Union européenne, …) : leurs injonctions diplomatiques sur la «bonne gouvernance» et la démocratie, la lutte contre la corruption, le déversement de millions de dollars en aide humanitaire, de multiples accords de cessez-le-feu et de paix, … Des actions de la « communauté internationale » sans grand succès jusqu’à présent ! La question vient donc à l’esprit : le Kivu, véritable poudrière de l’Afrique centrale, pourra-t-il un jour s’en sortir ? L’auteur apporte des éléments de réponse, au-delà des propos convenus.

Kivu --- Guerre civile --- Zaïre --- --République du Congo --- --Zaïre --- --853 Regionale conflicten --- 881.2 Centraal-Afrika --- Congo [historische term land Congo -CG] --- oorlog --- Burgeroorlog --- Politiek en ideologie --- 853 Regionale conflicten --- --Polemology --- Polemology --- Internal politics --- Civil war --- Congo (Democratic Republic) --- European Union countries --- Congo (République démocratique) --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- Politics and government --- Relations --- Politique et gouvernement --- Kivu [Lake ] (Congo and Rwanda) --- History --- 1994-.... --- BPB1003 --- Afrique --- C8 --- Afrika --- civil war --- občanská válka --- wojna domowa --- burgeroorlog --- εμφύλιος πόλεμος --- državljanska vojna --- гражданска война --- kodusõda --- Bürgerkrieg --- sisällissota --- borgerkrig --- грађански рат --- pilietinis karas --- guerra civile --- pilsoņu karš --- občianska vojna --- граѓанска војна --- inbördeskrig --- gwerra ċivili --- guerra civil --- polgárháború --- război civil --- luftë civile --- građanski rat --- vzpoura --- востание --- felkelés --- insurecție --- sukilimas --- insurrection --- povstání --- kapina --- sacelšanās --- lázadás --- guerra interna --- kryengritje --- ustanak --- pobuna --- povstanie --- resistenza --- ülestõus --- Aafrika --- Африка --- África --- Afrikka --- Afryka --- Africa --- Āfrika --- Αφρική --- africké krajiny --- χώρες της Αφρικής --- африкански држави --- africké země --- país da África --- afrikanske lande --- Afrika országai --- African countries --- afrikanska länder --- vendet Afrikane --- país de África --- afričke zemlje --- paesi dell'Africa --- země Afriky --- Afrikas länder --- africké státy --- státy Afriky --- Afrikan maat --- afrikai országok --- Afrikos šalys --- pays africains --- paesi africani --- Aafrika riigid --- pays d'Afrique --- Länder Afrikas --- país africano --- Afrikaanse landen --- țări africane --- Afrikaans land --- afrikanische Länder --- afrikai államok --- αφρικανικές χώρες --- --Kivu [Lake ] (Congo and Rwanda) --- cogadh cathartha --- An Afraic --- République du Congo --- Nkunda, Laurent (1967-....) --- Conflits de basse intensité --- Révoltes --- Résistance politique --- Kivu (Congo, République démocratique) --- Congo (République démocratique) --- Congo (Republique démocratique) --- 1996-1997 (Guerre civile) --- 1998-2002 (Guerre civile) --- 1997-.... --- 1990-....

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"The Congolese conflict has been dubbed a "forever war," a conflict that defies resolution. As of 2016, the Congo was experiencing its twentieth year of violent conflict, one of worst humanitarian calamities of our time and climbing the all-time charts. According to one study, 5.4 million people have died between 1998 and 2007 alone, largely from disease, though fighting and violence is ongoing to this day. This study aims to explain the most recent phases of the conflict, why it has lasted for so long, where diplomats and peacemakers have gone wrong in their approach to solving the violence, and how the Congo can help us understand contemporary armed conflict more broadly. Using the Congolese conflict as an illustrative case study, the author argues that three factors determine why conflicts there have persisted in some places while dwindling elsewhere: the cohesion, political culture, and constituencies of the belligerents. He finds that the more fragmented the belligerents, the more protracted the conflict becomes, and as they shift to see the conflict as an end in itself and to perceive violence as an acceptable and necessary tool of politics, the longer the conflict lasts. Finally, he develops a theory for how social constituencies shape negotiations between belligerents and the government by providing guarantees, brokering contacts, and presenting commitment problems"--

Civil war --- Civil war. --- Politics and government. --- Since 1997. --- Congo (Democratic Republic) --- Congo (Democratic Republic). --- History --- Politics and government --- Polemology --- anno 1990-1999 --- anno 2000-2009 --- anno 2010-2019 --- Congo --- Civil wars --- Intra-state war --- Rebellions --- Government, Resistance to --- International law --- Revolutions --- War --- #SBIB:39A73 --- #SBIB:328H412 --- #SBIB:327.5H21 --- Etnografie: Afrika --- Instellingen en beleid: Zaïre / Congo --- Vrede - oorlog, oorlogssituaties --- BPB2208 --- civil war --- political violence --- Democratic Republic of the Congo --- Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta --- Demokratická republika Kongo --- Democratische Republiek Congo --- Демократска Република Конго --- Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik --- Demokratyczna Republika Konga --- Demokratična republika Kongo --- die Demokratische Republik Kongo --- Konžská demokratická republika --- Repubblica democratica del Congo --- Демократична република Конго --- Repubblika Demokratika tal-Kongo --- Poblacht Dhaonlathach an Chongó --- Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság --- Congo, Republica Democratică --- Congo-Kinshasa --- República Democrática del Congo --- Demokratska Republika Kongo --- Den Demokratiske Republik Congo --- Republika Demokratike e Kongos --- Kongo Demokratinė Respublika --- République démocratique du Congo --- Kongo Demokrātiskā Republika --- Demokratiska republiken Kongo --- Λαϊκή Δημοκρατία του Κονγκό --- Kongo Kinšasa --- Kongo DV --- Kongo (Leopoldville) --- Kongo (býv. Zair) --- Конго Слободна Држава --- Конго Киншаса --- Kinshasa Kongo --- Zair --- Zairas --- Ζαΐρ --- República Democrática do Congo --- Заир --- Κογκό Κινσάσα --- Beļģijas Kongo --- Kinshasa --- Congo Kinshasa --- Конго-Киншаса --- Zaire --- Zaïre --- Republica Congoleză --- Kongo (Kinshasa) --- ex Zaire --- Република Конго (Леополдвил) --- Белгиско Конго --- Zaira --- Kongo-Kinshasa --- Congo belgian --- Kongo Kinshasa --- Kinshasan Kongo --- Kinshasské Kongo --- Zairská republika --- politikai erőszak --- политичко насиље --- politisk vold --- политическо насилие --- poliittinen väkivalta --- poliitiline vägivald --- foréigean polaitiúil --- politinė prievarta --- политичко насилство --- violencia política --- violenza politica --- violence politique --- πολιτική βία --- politiskā vardarbība --- vjolenza politika --- političko nasilje --- politické násilí --- dhunë politike --- politische Gewalt --- przemoc polityczna --- violență politică --- politiek geweld --- politično nasilje --- violência política --- politiskt våld --- politické násilie --- rivoluzione --- револуција --- vallankumous --- forradalom --- atentát --- герила --- Revolution --- guerrilha --- guerile --- Guerillabewegung --- révolution --- revolução --- guerrilla --- guerriglia --- revolutsioon --- gerilla --- gerillaháború --- gherilă --- revolucion --- επανάσταση --- revoluție --- αντάρτικο --- revolúcia --- revolucija --- revolūcija --- partisan --- revoliucija --- revolta --- partizānu karš --- revoluce --- partizanas --- sissi --- guérilla --- revolution --- revolución --- politikai kényszer --- guerilla --- lotta armata --- επαναστατική δράση --- gerila --- revolutie --- občanská válka --- wojna domowa --- burgeroorlog --- εμφύλιος πόλεμος --- državljanska vojna --- гражданска война --- cogadh cathartha --- kodusõda --- Bürgerkrieg --- sisällissota --- borgerkrig --- грађански рат --- pilietinis karas --- guerra civile --- pilsoņu karš --- občianska vojna --- граѓанска војна --- inbördeskrig --- gwerra ċivili --- guerra civil --- polgárháború --- război civil --- luftë civile --- guerre civile --- građanski rat --- vzpoura --- востание --- felkelés --- insurecție --- sukilimas --- insurrection --- povstání --- kapina --- sacelšanās --- lázadás --- guerra interna --- kryengritje --- ustanak --- pobuna --- povstanie --- resistenza --- ülestõus --- Ambiguity. --- Anti-imperialism. --- Apathy. --- Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. --- Assassination. --- Banyarwanda. --- Belligerent. --- Bourgeoisie. --- Bunia. --- Bureaucracy. --- Cannibalism. --- Carl von Clausewitz. --- Censure. --- Code name. --- Colombian conflict. --- Combat. --- Combatant. --- Communal violence. --- Conditionality. --- Conflict resolution. --- Corruption. --- Counter-insurgency. --- Cynicism (contemporary). --- Defeatism. --- Defection. --- Demobilization. --- Desertion. --- Dissident. --- Distrust. --- Ebb and flow. --- Electoral fraud. --- Ethnic conflict. --- Famine. --- First Congo War. --- Foreign Correspondent (TV series). --- Gisenyi. --- Governance. --- Headline. --- Henry Morton Stanley. --- Hewlett-Packard. --- Hostility. --- Humanitarian crisis. --- Hutu. --- Immorality. --- Impunity. --- Information asymmetry. --- Insubordination. --- Insurgency. --- Internally displaced person. --- Intimidation. --- Ituri conflict. --- Joseph Kabila. --- Kigali. --- Kinshasa. --- M23 rebellion. --- Mai-Mai. --- Military academy. --- Military operation. --- Military organization. --- Mixed brigade. --- Mobutu Sese Seko. --- Mongbwalu. --- National Congress for the Defence of the People. --- National Resistance Army. --- National security. --- North Kivu. --- Paganism. --- Paul Kagame. --- Persecution. --- Politician. --- Politics. --- Precedent. --- Protest. --- Provisional government. --- Proxy war. --- Raia Mutomboki. --- Rebel Alliance. --- Rebellion. --- Refugee camp. --- Refugee. --- Reginald Scot. --- Resentment. --- Resignation. --- Rwanda. --- Second Congo War. --- Self-defense. --- Skepticism. --- Smuggling. --- Sri Lankan Civil War. --- The Guns of Navarone (novel). --- Too big to fail. --- Tutsi. --- Uganda People's Defence Force. --- Uganda. --- Unclean spirit. --- Unrest. --- Violence. --- War crime. --- War economy. --- War.