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Dynamic method dispatch is a core feature of object-oriented programming by which the executed implementation for a polymorphic method is only chosen at runtime. In this paper, we present a specification and verification methodology which extends the concept of dynamic dispatch to design-by-contract specifications. The formal specification language JML has only rudimentary means for polymorphic abstraction in expressions. We promote these to fully flexible specification-only query methods called model methods that can, like ordinary methods, be overridden to give specifications a new semantics in subclasses in a transparent and modular fashion. Moreover, we allow them to refer to more than one program state which give us the possibility to fully abstract and encapsulate two-state specification contexts, i.e., history constraints and method postconditions. Finally, we provide an elegant and flexible mechanism to specify restrictions on specifications in subtypes. Thus behavioural subtyping can be enforced, yet it still allows for other specification paradigms. We provide the semantics for model methods by giving a translation into a first order logic and according proof obligations. We fully implemented this framework in the KeY program verifier and successfully verified relevant examples. We have also implemented an extension to KeY to support permission-based verification of concurrent Java programs. In this context model methods provide a modular specification method to treat code synchronisation through API methods.

Object-oriented programming languages.

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Java (Computer program language) --- Object-oriented programming languages --- JavaSpaces technology

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Smalltalk (Computer program language) --- Object-oriented programming languages

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Java (Computer program language) --- Object-oriented programming languages --- JavaSpaces technology

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Expand your knowledge of Java with this entertaining learning guide, which features 100+ exercises and programming challenges. Java Challenges will prepare you for your next exam or job interview, and covers many practical topics, such as strings, arrays, data structures, recursion, and date and time. The APIs and other material included in this book are Java 17 compatible. Each topic is addressed in its own separate chapter, starting with an introduction to the basics and followed by multiple exercises of varying degrees of difficulty, helping you to improve your programming skills effectively. Detailed sample solutions, including the algorithms used for all tasks, are included to maximize your understanding of each area. Author Michael Inden also describes alternative solutions and analyzes possible pitfalls and typical errors. Three appendices round out the book: one covering JShell, which is often helpful for trying out the code snippets and examples in the book, followed by an introduction to JUnit 5 for unit testing and verifying solutions, while the final appendix explains O-notation for estimating performance. After reading this book, you'll be prepared to take the next step in your career or tackle your next personal project. All source code is freely available for download via the Apress website. What You Will Learn Improve your Java knowledge by solving enjoyable but challenging programming puzzles Solve mathematical problems, recursions, strings, arrays and more Manage data processing and data structures like lists, sets, maps Handle advanced recursion as well as binary trees, sorting and searching Gamify key fundamentals for fun and easier reinforcement Who This Book Is For Professional software developers, makers, as well as computer science teachers and students. At least some prior experience with Java programming is recommended.

Java (Computer program language) --- Object-oriented programming languages --- JavaSpaces technology