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Most aspects of our private and social lives--our safety, the integrity of the financial system, the functioning of utilities and other services, and national security--now depend on computing. But how can we know that this computing is trustworthy? In Mechanizing Proof, Donald MacKenzie addresses this key issue by investigating the interrelations of computing, risk, and mathematical proof over the last half century from the perspectives of history and sociology. His discussion draws on the technical literature of computer science and artificial intelligence and on extensive interviews with participants.MacKenzie argues that our culture now contains two ideals of proof: proof as traditionally conducted by human mathematicians, and formal, mechanized proof. He describes the systems constructed by those committed to the latter ideal and the many questions those systems raise about the nature of proof. He looks at the primary social influence on the development of automated proof--the need to predict the behavior of the computer systems upon which human life and security depend--and explores the involvement of powerful organizations such as the National Security Agency. He concludes that in mechanizing proof, and in pursuing dependable computer systems, we do not obviate the need for trust in our collective human judgment.

Computer systems --- Computers and civilization. --- Systèmes informatiques --- Ordinateurs et civilisation. --- Computer Science --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Reliability. --- Fiabilité. --- Civilization and computers --- ADP systems (Computer systems) --- Computing systems --- Systems, Computer --- Civilization --- Electronic systems --- Cyberinfrastructure --- SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY/General

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La situation de transition que nous connaissons et qui fait cohabiter une culture du livre avec une culture de l’écran nous fait peu à peu basculer d’une raison graphique à une raison computationnelle. De la même manière que l’écriture a permis d’engendrer un mode particulier de pensée, où les listes, les tableaux et les formules ont joué un rôle primordial dans la modélisation des connaissances, avec le numérique s’inventent d’autres systèmes de mise en forme de l’information et de sa transmission. En effet, le développement du réseau, d’un vaste cyberespace, induit une rationalité particulière reposant sur le calcul plutôt que sur l’écriture, ce qui est la seule façon de le rendre intelligible. On comprend dès lors que les architectures de mémoire, dans leur actualisation contemporaine, essentiellement numérique, sont au cœur d’une transformation de l’esprit humain. Il est encore trop tôt pour déterminer exactement ce qu’il en est de cette transformation, mais il importe dès maintenant de tracer les contours de cette situation et d’explorer des pistes qui peuvent en baliser certains des aspects les plus saillants.

Computer network resources --- Computers and civilization --- Archives --- Museums --- Data processing. --- Arts --- Conservation de l'information électronique --- Mémoire (Philosophie) --- Ordinateurs et civilisation --- Société numérique --- Technologie --- Internet --- Fonds d'archives --- Média --- Informatique --- Arts - Informatique --- Architecture --- mémoire --- informatique --- structure

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Text-based interaction among humans connected via computer networks, such as takes place via email and in synchronous modes such as "chat", MUDs and MOOs, has attracted considerable popular and scholarly attention. This collection of 14 articles on text-based computer-mediated communication (CMC), is the first to bring empirical evidence from a variety of disciplinary perspectives to bear on questions raised by the new medium.The first section, linguistic perspectives, addresses the question of how CMC compares with speaking and writing, and describes its unique structural characteristic

Computer. Automation --- Mass communications --- Communication --- Data processing. --- Communication -- Data processing. --- Journalism & Communications --- Communication & Mass Media --- Data processing --- Data transmission systems --- Computers and civilization --- Données --- Ordinateurs et civilisation --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Cross-cultural studies --- Social aspects --- Informatique --- Transmission --- Aspect moral --- Etudes transculturelles --- Aspect social --- Technologie de l'information --- Information technology --- Communication - Data processing. --- Communication-information

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Internet --- Computers and civilization --- Information society --- Social aspects --- Computers en beschaving --- Computers and civilization. --- Information society. --- Social aspects. --- Mass communications --- Computer architecture. Operating systems --- Sociology of culture --- Ordinateurs et civilisation --- Société informatisée --- Aspect social --- #SBIB:309H103 --- Civilization and computers --- Mediatechnologie / ICT / digitale media: sociale en culturele aspecten --- Sociology --- Information superhighway --- Civilization --- Internet - Social aspects

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Maria Bakardjieva investigates Internet use and its implications for society through insights into the daily experiences of ordinary users. She also examines how people interpret domesticate and creatively appropriate the Internet.

Internet --- Information society --- Social aspects --- Information society. --- Internet. --- Social aspects. --- Sociology --- Information superhighway --- DARPA Internet --- Internet (Computer network) --- Wide area networks (Computer networks) --- World Wide Web --- #SBIB:053.AANKOOP --- #SBIB:309H103 --- Mediatechnologie / ICT / digitale media: sociale en culturele aspecten --- Internet - Social aspects --- Ordinateurs et civilisation --- Aspect social