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Is Latin America experiencing a resurgence of leftwing governments, or are we seeing a rebirth of national-radical populism? Are the governments of Hugo Chávez, Evo Morales, and Rafael Correa becoming institutionalized as these leaders claim novel models of participatory and direct democracy? Or are they reenacting older traditions that have favored plebiscitary acclamation and clientelist distribution of resources to loyal followers? Are we seeing authentic forms of expression of the popular will by leaders who have empowered those previously disenfranchised? Or are these governments as char

Political culture --- Populism --- Culture --- Political science --- History --- Bucaram Ortiz, Abdalá, --- Velasco Ibarra, Jose María, --- Ortiz, Abdalá Bucaram, --- Bucaram, Abdalá, --- Bucaram, A. --- Ibarra, José María Velasco, --- Velasco Ibarra, J. M. --- Velasco Ibarra, José María, --- Ecuador --- Politics and government

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The discovery of the New World raised many questions for early modern scientists: What did these lands contain? Where did they lie in relation to Europe? Who lived there, and what were their inhabitants like? Imperial expansion necessitated changes in the way scientific knowledge was gathered, and Spanish cosmographers in particular were charged with turning their observations of the New World into a body of knowledge that could be used for governing the largest empire the world had ever known.As María M. Portuondo here shows, this cosmographic knowledge had considerable st

Cosmography --- Science --- Cosmology --- History. --- Historiography. --- America --- Spain --- Discovery and exploration --- Spanish. --- History --- Historiography --- discovery, exploration, expansion, new world, europe, scientific knowledge, empire, governance, administration, cosmography, epistemology, nature, history, philosophy, spain, renaissance, humanism, ptolemy, navigation, mathematical rationalism, tordesillas question, alonso de santa cruz, juan herrera, pilots, maps, cartography, lopez velasco, lunar eclipse, bautista gesio, patronage, nonfiction.