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La philosophie des sciences définit les critères de scientificité qui permettent d'évaluer la validité et la pertinence des théories scientifiques. Elle a donc une vocation critique. Cet ouvrage propose une analyse de la pratique scientifique aussi bien dans les sciences exactes que dans les sciences sociales et humaines, et ce, à partir d'une perspective constructiviste qui donne un accès direct à la logique interne de l'entreprise scientifique. Après avoir fait la génèse du savoir scientifique contemporain, l'auteur examine plus particulièrement les deux grandes théories du XXe siècle, soit la théorie de la relativité et la mécanique quantique. Il ouvre ensuite une voie singulière vers les sciences humaines qui débouchera sur un tour d'horizon éclairé du structuralisme et des thématiques du langage dans les sciences sociales et humaines. De Hegel à Gadamer et de Lévi-Strauss à Foucault, la rétrospective critique qui se déploie apparaît ici comme un complément nécessaire à la discussion du constructivisme contemporain. Cette introduction à la philosophie des sciences s'adresse tout aussi bien aux philosophes et aux scientifiques intéressés au problème des fondements qu'aux étudiants en philosophie.

Social epistemology.

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Genetic epistemology --- Genetic psychology

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Inspired by the work of Isabel Ferin da Cunha and her applied research axes, researches and professors provide their contribution to the advancement of communication sciences. This book is shaped into three forms of dialogues: reflexive and theoretical, empirical and personal tributes.

Epistemology --- Media --- Power --- Communication --- Representation

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In this series of lectures, delivered at Nanjing University from 2016 to 2019, Bernard Stiegler rethinks the so-called Anthropocene in relation to philosophy’s failure to reckon with the manifold and indeed “cosmic” consequences of the entropic and thermodynamic revolution. Beginning with the Oxford Dictionaries’ decision to make “post-truth” the 2016 word of the year, and taking this as an opportunity to understand the implications for Heidegger’s “history of being”, “history of truth” and Gestell, the first series of lectures enter into an original consideration of the relationship between Socrates and Plato (and of tragic Greece in general) and its meaning for the history of Western philosophy. The following year’s lecture series traverse a path from Foucault’s biopower to psychopower to neuropower, and then to a critique of neuroeconomics. Revising Husserl’s account of retention to focus on the irreducible connection between human memory and technological memory, the lectures culminate in reflections on the significance of neurotechnology in platform capitalism. The concept of hyper-matter is introduced in the lectures of 2019 as requisite for an epistemology that escapes the trap of opposing the material and the ideal in order to respond to the need for a new critique of the notion of information and technological performativity (of which Moore’s law both is and is not an example) in an age when the biosphere has become a technosphere.

Anthropocene --- Metaphysics --- Epistemology --- Capitalism --- Philosophy

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Contextualism has become one of the leading paradigms in contemporary epistemology. According to this view, there is no context-independent standard of knowledge, and as a result, all knowledge ascriptions are context-sensitive. Contextualists contend that their account of this analysis allows us to resolve some major epistemological problems such as skeptical paradoxes and the lottery paradox, and that it helps us explain various other linguistic data about knowledge ascriptions. The apparent ease with which contextualism seems to solve numerous epistemological quandaries has inspired the burgeoning interest in it. This comprehensive anthology collects twenty original essays and critical commentaries on different aspects of contextualism, written by leading philosophers on the topic. The editors’ introduction sketches the historical development of the contextualist movement and provides a survey and analysis of its arguments and major positions. The papers explore, inter alia, the central problems and prospects of semantic (or conversational) contextualism and its main alternative approaches such as inferential (or issue) contextualism, epistemic contextualism, and virtue contextualism. They also investigate the connections between contextualism and epistemic particularism, and between contextualism and stability accounts of knowledge. Elke Brendel is Professor of Philosophy at the Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz, Germany. She has published numerous articles on logic, epistemology, the philosophy of science, and the philosophy of language. She is the author of Die Wahrheit über den Lügner (The Truth About the Liar, 1992), Grundzüge der Logik II – Klassen, Relationen, Zahlen (Foundations of Logic II – Sets, Relations, Numbers, with Wilhelm K. Essler, 1993), and Wahrheit und Wissen (Truth and Knowledge, 1999). Christoph Jäger is Lecturer in Philosophy at Aberdeen University, United Kingdom, and Privatdozent of Philosophy (honorary office) at the University of Leipzig, Germany. He has published numerous articles on epistemology, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of religion. Books: Selbstreferenz und Selbstbewusstsein (Self-reference and Self-knowledge, 1999), Analytische Religionsphilosophie (Analytic Philosophy of Religion, ed., 1998), Kunst und Erkenntnis (Art and Knowledge, ed., with Georg Meggle, 2004), Religion und Rationalität (Religion and Rationality, forthcoming).

Knowledge, Theory of. --- Contextualism (Philosophy) --- Philosophy --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Psychology --- Genetic epistemology. --- Epistemology. --- Developmental psychology --- Knowledge, Theory of