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Karl Marx overleed in 1883. Zijn naam was tot 1989 verbonden aan regimes die hun achterstand op de westerse wereld probeerden in te halen. Zij koppelden de naam van Marx aan die van hun eigen leiders en claimden het alleenrecht op het marxistische gedachtegoed.Marx had zich echter altijd verzet tegen het gebruik van zijn naam voor een isme. Hij wilde geen marxisme, maar een manier van analyseren verspreiden onder socialisten. Die analyse is tot op de dag van vandaag de meest omvattende kritiek op het kapitalisme. Doordat bovengenoemde regimes het alleenrecht op zijn analyse opeisten, verloren

Marx, Karl,

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If we are to understand Marx's thought, argues French philosopher Michel Henry, we must cast aside Marxism. In his original and richly detailed study of Marx's philosophy, Henry emphasizes the importance of approaching Marx's writings directly, rather than through the intermediary of subsequent interpretations, which often have been politically motivated. In contrast to the usual depiction of Marxian thought as an economically oriented analysis of social reality, Henry contends that in Marx's theory philosophy is primary. Therefore, Marx's writings must properly be viewed—and judged—within the context of the modern philosophical tradition . Marx's basic concern, Henry demonstrates, is with the nature of human being, the real conditions of human individuality. Central to Henry's reading of Marx, and elaborated here with unprecedented thoroughness, is the theory of praxis, a conception of the individual not as a thinking being, in the Cartesian tradition, but as a laboring being, a producer and consumer situated in a concrete social world. This novel and provocative contribution to the current debate about the nature and meaning of Marx's thought is essential for students of philosophy, Marxism, and political theory. Kathleen McLaughlin's excellent translation of Henry's abridgement of his two-volume work preserves the power and freshness of the French original.

Marxian economics. --- Marx, Karl. --- Marx, Karl, --- Marx, Karl, --- Philosophy

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Rédigée entre 1841 et 1846, l'œuvre de jeunesse de Marx présente les linéaments d'une philosophie de la pratique qui, reposant sur la recherche passionnée d'une voie de sortie hors de la philosophie de Hegel et de ses présupposés, se cristallisera dans les Thèses sur Feuerbach autour du concept de praxis. Le présent mémoire propose de retracer et d'approfondir les principaux moments de l'élaboration de ce parcours philosophique singulier en les interprétant à la lumière de la thèse qu'a avancé le phénoménologue Michel Henry, selon laquelle Marx serait essentiellement un penseur de l'activité pratique individuelle. Saisissant les différents écrits du jeune Marx comme autant d'expressions philosophiques d'une même revendication d'immanence radicale, l'interprétation généalogique de Henry suggère en effet qu'à travers la critique de la réalité des totalités idéales, Marx parvient à découvrir le fondement irréductible à partir duquel s'articulera toute sa conception de la pratique, soit la praxis subjective des individus vivants. Profonde et productive, cette interprétation n'en débouche pas moins sur une aporie, qui fournira en même temps à ce mémoire le prétexte pour explorer les horizons théoriques qu'ouvre une philosophie de la praxis.

Criticism. --- Marx, Karl,

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Communism --- History. --- Marx, Karl, ,

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A new exploration of Karl Marx's life through his intellectual contributions to modern thought Karl Marx (1818-1883)-philosopher, historian, sociologist, economist, current affairs journalist, and editor-was one of the most influential and revolutionary thinkers of modern history, but he is rarely thought of as a Jewish thinker, and his Jewish background is either overlooked or misrepresented. Here, distinguished scholar Shlomo Avineri argues that Marx's Jewish origins did leave a significant impression on his work. Marx was born in Trier, then part of Prussia, and his family had enjoyed equal rights and emancipation under earlier French control of the area. But then its annexation to Prussia deprived the Jewish population of its equal rights. These developments led to the reluctant conversion of Marx's father, and similar tribulations radicalized many young intellectuals of that time who came from a Jewish background. Avineri puts Marx's Jewish background in its proper and balanced perspective, and traces Marx's intellectual development in light of the historical, intellectual, and political contexts in which he lived.

Marx, Karl, --- Germany.