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The Japanese experience of war from the late-nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century presents a stunning example of the meteoric rise and shattering fall of a great power. As Japan modernized and became the one non-European great power, its leaders concluded that an empire on the Asian mainland required the containment of Russia. Japan won the First Sino-Japanese War (1894-5) and the Russo-Japanese War (1904-5) but became overextended in the Second Sino-Japanese War (1931-45), which escalated, with profound consequences, into World War II. A combination of incomplete institution building, an increasingly lethal international environment, a skewed balance between civil and military authority, and a misunderstanding of geopolitics explains these divergent outcomes. This analytical survey examines themes including the development of Japanese institutions, diversity of opinion within the government, domestic politics, Japanese foreign policy and China's anti-Japanese responses. It is an essential guide for those interested in history, politics and international relations.

Strategy --- Great powers --- Political culture --- Imperialism --- Culture --- Political science --- Powers, Great --- Super powers --- Superpowers --- World politics --- History. --- Japan --- History, Military --- Military policy. --- Foreign relations

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Do great leaders make history? Or are they compelled to act by historical circumstance? This debate has remained unresolved since Thomas Carlyle and Karl Marx framed it in the mid-nineteenth century, yet implicit answers inform our policies and our views of history. In this book, Professor Bear F. Braumoeller argues persuasively that both perspectives are correct: leaders shape the main material and ideological forces of history that subsequently constrain and compel them. His studies of the Congress of Vienna, the interwar period, and the end of the Cold War illustrate this dynamic, and the data he marshals provide systematic evidence that leaders both shape and are constrained by the structure of the international system.

Great powers --- International relations --- Philosophy --- History --- Great powers. --- Political science --- Philosophy. --- History. --- International Relations --- General. --- Diplomatic history --- International history (Diplomatic history) --- World history --- Powers, Great --- Super powers --- Superpowers --- World politics --- Social Sciences --- Political Science --- International relations - Philosophy --- International relations - History

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"What are rising powers? Do they challenge the international order? Why do some countries but not others become rising powers? Why Nations Rise answers these questions and shows that some countries rise not just because they develop the military and economic power to do so but because they develop particular narratives about how to become a great power in the style of the great power du jour. These active rising powers accept the prevalent norms of the international order in order to become great powers. On the other hand, countries which have military and economic power but not these narratives do not rise enough to become great powers - they stay reticent powers. This book examines the narratives in historical (the United States, the Netherlands, Meiji Japan) and contemporary (Cold War Japan, post-Cold War China and India) cases to show patterns of active and reticent rising powers. It ends with lessons for how to understand two rising powers today, China and India"-- Provided by publisher.

Great powers - History. --- World politics - 19th century. --- World politics - 20th century. --- World politics - 21st century. --- International relations. Foreign policy --- Pragmatics --- Great powers. --- World politics --- Powers, Great --- Super powers --- Superpowers --- Great powers --- History.

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This book examines a question generally neglected in the study of international relations: why does a militarily and economically less powerful state initiate conflict against a relatively strong state? T. V. Paul analyses this phenomenon by focusing on the strategic and political considerations, domestic and international, which influence a weaker state to initiate war against a more powerful adversary. The key argument of deterrence theory is that the military superiority of the status quo power, coupled with a credible retaliatory threat, will prevent attack by challengers. The author challenges this assumption by examining six twentieth-century asymmetric wars, from the Japanese offensive against Russia in 1904 to the Argentine invasion of the Falkland Islands in 1982. The book's findings have wide implications for the study of war, power, deterrence, coercive diplomacy, strategy, arms races, and alliances.

Coexistence --- Coëxistence pacifique --- Droit de la guerre --- Etats [Petits] --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Grandes puissances --- Great powers --- Grote mogendheden --- Guerre (Droit international) --- Interdependence of nations --- International relations --- Internationale betrekkingen --- Kleine staten --- Mogendheden [Grote ] --- Nations [Small ] --- Oorlog (Internationaal recht) --- Ordre mondial --- Peaceful coexistence --- Petits états --- Powers [Great] --- Puissances [Grandes] --- Relations internationales --- Small countries --- Staten [Kleine] --- States [Small ] --- Vreedzame coëxistentie --- War (International law) --- Wereldorde --- World order --- Great powers. --- International relations. --- States, Small. --- War (International law). --- Social Sciences --- Political Science --- Foreign relations --- Global governance --- International affairs --- National security --- Sovereignty --- World politics --- Nations, Small --- Small nations --- Small states --- Political science --- States, Size of --- Middle powers --- Powers, Great --- Super powers --- Superpowers --- Hostilities --- International law --- Neutrality

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"Analyzes the question of whether great powers choose to accommodate, contain, or confront a rising power depends on the legitimacy of the challenger's expansionist aims"--

Great powers --- History --- International relations --- World politics --- Middle powers --- Powers, Great --- Super powers --- Superpowers --- Middle-ranking powers --- Middle-sized powers --- Powers, Middle --- States, Size of --- States, Small --- rising powers, constructivism, power transitions, great powers, international relations, legitimacy of rising power, American hegemony, power politics, foreign relations.