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This volume examines Popper’s philosophy by analyzing the criticism of his most popular critics: Thomas Kuhn, Paul Feyerabend and Imre Lakatos. They all followed his rejection of the traditional view of science as inductive. Starting from the assumption that Hume’s criticism of induction is valid, the book explores the central criticism and objections that these three critics have raised. Their objections have met with great success, are significant and deserve paraphrase. One also may consider them reasonable protests against Popper’s high standards rather than fundamental criticisms of his philosophy. The book starts out with a preliminary discussion of some central background material and essentials of Popper’s philosophy. It ends with nutshell representations of the philosophies of Popper. Kuhn, Feyerabend and Lakatos. The middle section of the book presents the connection between these philosophers and explains what their central ideas consists of, what the critical arguments are, how they presented them, and how valid they are. In the process, the author claims that Popper's popular critics used against him arguments that he had invented (and answered) without saying so. They differ from him mainly in that they demanded of all criticism that it should be constructive: do not stop believing a refuted theory unless there is a better alternative to it. Popper hardly ever discussed belief, delegating its study to psychology proper; he usually discussed only objective knowledge, knowledge that is public and thus open to public scrutiny.

Popper, Karl R. --- Feyerabend, Paul, --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Feyerabend, P. K. --- Feyerabend, Paul Karl --- Popper, Karl Raimund --- Popper, K.R. --- Philosophy (General). --- Science --- Philosophy, general. --- Philosophy of Science. --- Philosophy. --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- Philosophy and science. --- Science and philosophy --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities

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This book argues that the traditional image of Feyerabend is erroneous and that, contrary to common belief, he was a great admirer of science. It shows how Feyerabend presented a vision of science that represented how science really works. Besides giving a theoretical framework based on Feyerabend´s philosophy of science, the book offers criteria that can help readers to evaluate and understand research reported in important international science education journals, with respect to Feyerabend’s epistemological anarchism. The book includes an evaluation of general chemistry and physics textbooks. Most science curricula and textbooks provide the following advice to students: Do not allow theories in contradiction with observations, and all scientific theories must be formulated inductively based on experimental facts. Feyerabend questioned this widely prevalent premise of science education in most parts of the world, and in contrast gave the following advice: Scientists can accept a hypothesis despite experimental evidence to the contrary and scientific theories are not always consistent with all the experimental data. No wonder Feyerabend became a controversial philosopher and was considered to be against rationalism and anti-science. Recent research in philosophy of science, however, has shown that most of Feyerabend´s philosophical ideas are in agreement with recent trends in the 21st century. Of the 120 articles from science education journals, evaluated in this book only 9% recognized that Feyerabend was presenting a plurality of perspectives based on how science really works. Furthermore, it has been shown that Feyerabend could even be considered as a perspectival realist. Among other aspects, Feyerabend emphasized that in order to look for breakthroughs in science one does not have to be complacent about the truth of the theories but rather has to look for opportunities to “break rules” or “violate categories.” Mansoor Niaz carefully analyses references to Feyerabend in the literature and displays the importance of Feyerabend’s philosophy in analyzing, historical episodes. Niaz shows through this remarkable book a deep understanding to the essence of science. - Calvin Kalman, Concordia University, Canada In this book Mansoor Niaz explores the antecedents, context and features of Feyerabend’s work and offers a more-nuanced understanding, then reviews and considers its reception in the science education and philosophy of science literature. This is a valuable contribution to scholarship about Feyerabend, with the potential to inform further research as well as science education practice.- David Geelan, Griffith University, Australia.

Feyerabend, Paul, --- Feyerabend, P. K. --- Feyerabend, Paul Karl --- Science education. --- Teaching. --- Philosophy and science. --- History. --- Science Education. --- Teaching and Teacher Education. --- Philosophy of Science. --- History of Science. --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Science and philosophy --- Science --- Didactics --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- School teaching --- Schoolteaching --- Education --- Instructional systems --- Pedagogical content knowledge --- Training --- Science education --- Scientific education

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Popper and After: Four Modern Irrationalists focuses on a tendency in the philosophy of science, of which the leading representatives are Professor Sir Karl Popper, the late Professor Imre Lakatos, and Professors T. S. Kuhn and P. K. Feyerabend. Their philosophy of science is in substance irrationalist. They doubt, or deny outright, that there can be any reason to believe any scientific theory; and a fortiori they doubt or deny, for example, that there has been any accumulation of knowledge in recent centuries. The book is composed of two parts and Part One explains how these writers succeeded.

Science --- Irrationalism (Philosophy) --- Sciences --- Irrationalisme (Philosophie) --- Philosophy --- Philosophie --- Popper, Karl R. --- Lakatos, Imre, , --- Kuhn, Thomas S --- Feyerabend, Paul, --- Popper, Karl Raimund --- Popper, Karl R --- Lakatos, Imre --- Kuhn, Thomas S. --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- Absurd (Philosophy) --- Belief and doubt --- Rationalism --- Lakatos, Imre. --- Popper, K.R. --- Kʻo-en, --- Kʻu-en, --- Kuhn, T. S. --- Kʻung-en, --- קון, תומאס ס. --- كون، توماس --- Feyerabend, P. K. --- Feyerabend, Paul Karl --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Feyerabend, Paul --- Popper, Karl Raimund. --- Kuhn, Thomas Samuel, --- Lakatos, Imre, --- Popper, Karl --- Philosophy. --- Science - Philosophy --- Popper, Karl R - (Karl Raimund), - 1902-1994 --- Lakatos, Imre, - 1922-1974 --- Kuhn, Thomas Samuel, - 1922-1996 --- Feyerabend, Paul, - 1924-1994