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Physics --- Earth sciences --- Earth sciences. --- Ciències de la terra --- Revistes. --- China. --- Geosciences --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Dundad Ard Uls --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaqu Dumdadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaxu Dundadu Arad Ulus --- Catay --- Cathay --- Central Government of the People's Republic of China --- Central People's Government of Communist China --- China --- Chine --- Chinese National Government --- Chinese People's Republic --- Chūka Jinmin Kyōwakoku --- Chung-hua chung yang jen min kung ho kuo --- Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo --- Chung-hua min kuo --- Chung-kuo --- Chung-kuo kuo min cheng fu --- Chung yang jen min cheng fu --- Cina --- Činská lidová republika --- Dumdad Uls --- Dumdadu Ulus --- Erets Sin --- Jhongguó --- Jumhūriyat al-Ṣīn al-Shaʻbīyah --- Khi︠a︡tad --- Kínai Népköztársaság --- Kinë --- Kitad --- Kitaĭ --- Kitaĭskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- Kitajska --- KNR --- Kytaĭsʹka Narodna Respublika --- National Government --- P.R. China --- People's Republic of China --- PR China --- Republic --- Republic of China --- República Popular China --- Republik Rakjat Tiongkok --- République Populaire de Chine --- RRC --- RRT --- Sāthāranarat Prachāchon Čhīn --- Sin --- VR China --- VRChina --- Zhong guo --- Zhong hua ren min gong he guo --- Zhongguo --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo --- Zhonghuaminguo --- Environmental sciences --- Physical sciences --- Jhonggu --- Khi͡atad --- Kin --- Kita --- Kitaĭskai͡a Narodnai͡a Respublika --- Earth Sciences --- Geology --- 1949 --- -Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Dundad Ard Uls --- Chung-kuo min chêng fu --- -BNKhAU --- P.R.C. --- PRC

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This book examines the historical development of China’s collective presidency and identifies five key mechanisms which effectively reduce the asymmetries of knowledge and power. The mechanisms discussed are: group or collective succession, collective division of responsibilities and cooperation, collective learning, collective research, and collective decision making. This work presents many facts including historical details showing that the collective presidency of China is a unique and prodigious innovation of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and China’s socialist political system. We see how China’s political system stands in contrast to the presidential system that exists in the United States, which can be described as a system of personal responsibility of the president. The author identifies characteristics of the collective presidency and introduces a framework for analysis. Chapters then explore the phases of historical development in detail and examine fundamental features in terms of their historical development, operational characteristics and evaluation. The final chapter summarizes the political advantages of collective presidency, particularly international competitive advantages, and readers will discover that the route to success for modern China lies in collective presidency. This book will appeal to anyone who wishes to discover how China’s political system works, to explore its political institutions that operate in conjunction with the CPC and the Chinese state, or to discover how a collective presidency can work successfully.

China --- Politics and government --- Cina --- Kinë --- Cathay --- Chinese National Government --- Chung-kuo kuo min cheng fu --- Republic of China (1912-1949) --- Kuo min cheng fu (China : 1912-1949) --- Chung-hua min kuo (1912-1949) --- Kina (China) --- National Government (1912-1949) --- China (Republic : 1912-1949) --- People's Republic of China --- Chinese People's Republic --- Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo --- Central People's Government of Communist China --- Chung yang jen min cheng fu --- Chung-hua chung yang jen min kung ho kuo --- Central Government of the People's Republic of China --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo --- Zhong hua ren min gong he guo --- Kitaĭskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- Činská lidová republika --- RRT --- Republik Rakjat Tiongkok --- KNR --- Kytaĭsʹka Narodna Respublika --- Jumhūriyat al-Ṣīn al-Shaʻbīyah --- RRC --- Kitaĭ --- Kínai Népköztársaság --- Chūka Jinmin Kyōwakoku --- Erets Sin --- Sin --- Sāthāranarat Prachāchon Čhīn --- P.R. China --- PR China --- Chung-kuo --- Zhongguo --- Zhonghuaminguo (1912-1949) --- Zhong guo --- Chine --- République Populaire de Chine --- República Popular China --- Catay --- VR China --- VRChina --- 中國 --- 中国 --- 中华人民共和国 --- Jhongguó --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaxu Dundadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaqu Dumdadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Dundad Ard Uls --- Khi︠a︡tad --- Kitad --- Dumdadu Ulus --- Dumdad Uls --- Думдад Улс --- Kitajska --- China (Republic : 1949- ) --- Political theory. --- Political Theory. --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The

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Ecology --- Ecologie --- Periodicals. --- Périodiques --- Ecology. --- China. --- Science --- Environmental Sciences --- General and Others --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Dundad Ard Uls --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaqu Dumdadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaxu Dundadu Arad Ulus --- Catay --- Cathay --- Central Government of the People's Republic of China --- Central People's Government of Communist China --- China --- Chine --- Chinese National Government --- Chinese People's Republic --- Chūka Jinmin Kyōwakoku --- Chung-hua chung yang jen min kung ho kuo --- Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo --- Chung-hua min kuo --- Chung-kuo --- Chung-kuo kuo min cheng fu --- Chung yang jen min cheng fu --- Cina --- Činská lidová republika --- Dumdad Uls --- Dumdadu Ulus --- Erets Sin --- Jhongguó --- Jumhūriyat al-Ṣīn al-Shaʻbīyah --- Khi︠a︡tad --- Kínai Népköztársaság --- Kinë --- Kitad --- Kitaĭ --- Kitaĭskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- Kitajska --- KNR --- Kytaĭsʹka Narodna Respublika --- National Government --- P.R. China --- People's Republic of China --- PR China --- Republic --- Republic of China --- República Popular China --- Republik Rakjat Tiongkok --- République Populaire de Chine --- RRC --- RRT --- Sāthāranarat Prachāchon Čhīn --- Sin --- VR China --- VRChina --- Zhong guo --- Zhong hua ren min gong he guo --- Zhongguo --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo --- Zhonghuaminguo --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Jhonggu --- Khi͡atad --- Kin --- Kita --- Kitaĭskai͡a Narodnai͡a Respublika --- 1949 --- -Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Dundad Ard Uls --- Chung-kuo min chêng fu --- -BNKhAU --- P.R.C. --- PRC

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Sustainable development --- Natural resources --- Environmental protection --- Environmental protection. --- Natural resources. --- Sustainable development. --- China. --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- National resources --- Resources, Natural --- Resource-based communities --- Resource curse --- Environmental quality management --- Protection of environment --- Environmental sciences --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental policy --- Environmental quality --- Environmental aspects --- Economic aspects --- 1949 --- -BNKhAU --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Dundad Ard Uls --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaqu Dumdadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaxu Dundadu Arad Ulus --- Catay --- Cathay --- Central Government of the People's Republic of China --- Central People's Government of Communist China --- China --- Chine --- Chinese National Government --- Chinese People's Republic --- Chūka Jinmin Kyōwakoku --- Chung-hua chung yang jen min kung ho kuo --- Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo --- Chung-hua min kuo --- Chung-kuo --- Chung-kuo kuo min cheng fu --- Chung yang jen min cheng fu --- Cina --- Činská lidová republika --- Dumdad Uls --- Dumdadu Ulus --- Erets Sin --- Jhonggu --- Jumhūriyat al-Ṣīn al-Shaʻbīyah --- Khi͡atad --- Kínai Népköztársaság --- Kin --- Kitad --- Kita --- Kitaĭskai͡a Narodnai͡a Respublika --- Kitajska --- KNR --- Kytaĭsʹka Narodna Respublika --- National Government --- P.R.C. --- P.R. China --- People's Republic of China --- PR China --- PRC --- Republic --- Republic of China --- República Popular China --- Republik Rakjat Tiongkok --- République Populaire de Chine --- RRC --- RRT --- Sāthāranarat Prachāchon Čhīn --- VR China --- VRChina --- Zhong guo --- Zhong hua ren min gong he guo --- Zhongguo --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo --- Zhonghuaminguo

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Communism --- Socialism, Communism & Anarchism --- Political Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Hungary --- China --- Politics and government --- Economic policy --- Cina --- Kinë --- Cathay --- Chinese National Government --- Chung-kuo kuo min cheng fu --- Republic of China (1912-1949) --- Kuo min cheng fu (China : 1912-1949) --- Chung-hua min kuo (1912-1949) --- Kina (China) --- National Government (1912-1949) --- China (Republic : 1912-1949) --- People's Republic of China --- Chinese People's Republic --- Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo --- Central People's Government of Communist China --- Chung yang jen min cheng fu --- Chung-hua chung yang jen min kung ho kuo --- Central Government of the People's Republic of China --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo --- Zhong hua ren min gong he guo --- Kitaĭskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- Činská lidová republika --- RRT --- Republik Rakjat Tiongkok --- KNR --- Kytaĭsʹka Narodna Respublika --- Jumhūriyat al-Ṣīn al-Shaʻbīyah --- RRC --- Kitaĭ --- Kínai Népköztársaság --- Chūka Jinmin Kyōwakoku --- Erets Sin --- Sin --- Sāthāranarat Prachāchon Čhīn --- P.R. China --- PR China --- Chung-kuo --- Zhongguo --- Zhonghuaminguo (1912-1949) --- Zhong guo --- Chine --- République Populaire de Chine --- República Popular China --- Catay --- VR China --- VRChina --- 中國 --- Jhongguó --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaxu Dundadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaqu Dumdadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Dundad Ard Uls --- Khi︠a︡tad --- Kitad --- Dumdadu Ulus --- Dumdad Uls --- Думдад Улс --- Kitajska --- 中国 --- 中华人民共和国 --- China (Republic : 1949- ) --- 1945-1989 --- 1968-1989 --- 1976 --- -China --- -Congresses