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This innovative study illuminates the role of polemical literature in the political life of the Roman empire by examining the earliest surviving invectives directed against a living emperor. Written by three bishops (Athanasius of Alexandria, Hilary of Poitiers, Lucifer of Cagliari), these texts attacked Constantius II (337-61) for his vicious and tyrannical behaviour, as well as his heretical religious beliefs. This book explores the strategies employed by these authors to present themselves as fearless champions of liberty and guardians of faith, as they sought to bolster their authority at a time when they were out of step with the prevailing imperial view of Christian orthodoxy. Furthermore, by analysing this unique collection of writings alongside late antique panegyrics and ceremonial, it also rehabilitates anti-imperial polemic as a serious political activity and explores the ways in which it functioned within the complex web of presentations and perceptions that underpinned late Roman power relationships.

Church history --- Invective --- Abuse, Verbal --- Insults --- Insults, Verbal --- Verbal abuse --- Vituperation --- Satire --- Apostolic Church --- Christianity --- Church, Apostolic --- Early Christianity --- Early church --- Primitive and early church --- Primitive Christianity --- Fathers of the church --- Great Apostasy (Mormon doctrine) --- History. --- Criminal justice, Administration of. --- Criminal law. --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Criminal law --- Justice. --- Injustice --- Conduct of life --- Law --- Common good --- Fairness --- Crime --- Crimes and misdemeanors --- Criminals --- Law, Criminal --- Penal codes --- Penal law --- Pleas of the crown --- Public law --- Criminal procedure --- Administration of criminal justice --- Justice, Administration of --- Study and teaching. --- Law and legislation --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- 27 "03" --- 937.08 --- 937.08 Geschiedenis van Rome: absolutistisch keizerrijk van Diocletianus tot de val van Rome--(284-476 n. Chr.) --- Geschiedenis van Rome: absolutistisch keizerrijk van Diocletianus tot de val van Rome--(284-476 n. Chr.) --- History --- Kerkgeschiedenis--?"03" --- Histoire de l'Église --- --Église primitive --- --Invective --- --Rome ancienne --- --Empereur --- --Évêque --- --Church history --- Arts and Humanities --- Église primitive --- Rome ancienne --- Empereur --- Évêque --- Church history - Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600 --- Invective - Rome - History --- Language and languages --- Forensic sciences --- Forensic scientists --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Professional ethics.