Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Les principes du développement durable jouent un rôle essentiel pour faire fonctionner l'aide au développement au niveau des politiques, projets et programmes. En réponse à l’appel de la Déclaration de Paris de ‘’… développer et mettre en œuvre des approches communes pour ‘l’Évaluation Environnementale Stratégique’ aux niveaux sectoriel et national’ entre les donateurs et les partenaires, le guide sur l’application de l'évaluation environnementale stratégique a été approuvé en 2006 par les membres du Comité d'aide au développement de l'OCDE,  des représentants des pays en développement qui bénéficient d'une aide, le Programme des Nations Unies pour le développement, le Programme des Nations Unies pour l'environnement, la Banque mondiale et de nombreux autres organismes. Depuis lors, de plus en plus de pays à tous les stades du développement disposent de lois ou de règlements prescrivant l'application de l’Évaluation Environnementale Stratégique (EES) et un nombre conséquent de pays le considèrent comme faisant partie de leurs instruments politiques. Cela crée des opportunités uniques pour améliorer l'élaboration et la planification des politiques en intégrant dans la prise des décisions de haut niveau des considérations environnementales et en créant de nouveaux mécanismes  pour établir un consensus sur les priorités de développement à l’intérieur des gouvernements et entre gouvernements et sociétés.   De nombreux organismes de coopération pour le Développement et leurs partenaires ont déjà réalisé des progrès satisfaisants dans la mise en œuvre de l’EES. Ce rapport présente les neuf études de cas les plus intéressantes sur l’EES en cours, sélectionnées parmi un total de 100 études de cas. Ces neuf études de cas montrent que l’EES peut : • Préserver les ressources environnementales pour réduire durablement la pauvreté et favoriser le développement; • Développer la capacité d'engagement de la population dans la prise de décision; • Éviter les erreurs coûteuses  en alertant les pouvoirs publics sur les solutions de développement potentiellement non durables à un stade précoce du processus décisionnel; • Accélérer la mise en œuvre des projets et des programmes; • Faciliter la coopération en matière de ressources environnementales communes et contribuer à la prévention des conflits.

Development --- Environment --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Environmental Engineering --- Nature and nurture. --- Environment and genetics --- Environment and heredity --- Genetics and environment --- Heredity and environment --- Nature --- Nature versus nurture --- Nurture and nature --- Genetics --- Heredity --- Human beings --- Nurture --- Effect of environment on

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The theory of evolution has clearly altered our views of the biological world, but in the study of human beings, evolutionary and preevolutionary views continue to coexist in a state of perpetual tension. The Taming of Evolution addresses the questions of how and why this is so. Davydd Greenwood offers a sustained critique of the nature/nurture debate, revealing the complexity of the relationship between science and ideology. He maintains that popular contemporary theories, most notably E. O. Wilson's human sociobiology and Marvin Harris's cultural materialism, represent pre-Darwinian notions overlaid by elaborate evolutionary terminology. Greenwood first details the humoral-environmental and Great Chain of Being theories that dominated Western thinking before Darwin. He systematically compares these ideas with those later influenced by Darwin's theories, illuminating the surprising continuities between them. Greenwood suggests that it would be neither difficult nor socially dangerous to develop a genuinely evolutionary understanding of human beings, so long as we realized that we could not derive political and moral standards from the study of biological processes.

Biological Evolution. --- Human evolution --- Nature and nurture --- Physical anthropology --- -Sociobiology --- Biologism --- Human biology --- Psychology, Comparative --- Social evolution --- Biological anthropology --- Somatology --- Anthropology --- Environment --- Genetics and environment --- Heredity and environment --- Nature --- Nature versus nurture --- Nurture and nature --- Genetics --- Heredity --- Human beings --- Evolution (Biology) --- Evolutionary psychology --- Evolution, Biological --- Sociobiology --- Philosophy --- Social aspects --- Nurture --- Effect of environment on --- Origin --- Human evolution. --- Nature and nurture. --- Sociobiology. --- Philosophy. --- Biological Evolution --- Environment and genetics --- Environment and heredity --- Evolution

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

"The role of parents in shaping the characters of their children, the causes of violence and crime, and the roots of personal unhappiness are central to humanity. Like so many fundamental questions about human existence, these issues all relate to behavioural development. In this lucid and accessible book, eminent biologist Professor Sir Patrick Bateson suggests that the nature/nurture dichotomy we often use to think about questions of development in both humans and animals is misleading. Instead, he argues that we should pay attention to whole systems, rather than to simple causes, when trying to understand the complexity of development. In his wide-ranging approach Bateson discusses why so much behaviour appears to be well-designed. He explores issues such as 'imprinting' and its importance to the attachment of offspring to their parents; the mutual benefits that characterise communication between parent and offspring; the importance of play in learning how to choose and control the optimal conditions in which to thrive; and the vital function of adaptability in the interplay between development and evolution. Bateson disputes the idea that a simple link can be found between genetics and behaviour. What an individual human or animal does in its life depends on the reciprocal nature of its relationships with the world about it. This knowledge also points to ways in which an animal's own behaviour can provide the variation that influences the subsequent course of evolution. This has relevance not only for our scientific approaches to the systems of development and evolution, but also on how humans change institutional rules that have become dysfunctional, or design public health measures when mismatches occur between themselves and their environments. It affects how we think about ourselves and our own capacity for change."--Publisher's website.

Developmental psychology. --- Behaviorism (Psychology) --- Evolutionary psychology. --- Human behavior --- Behavior evolution. --- Nature and nurture. --- Psychological aspects. --- Environment --- Genetics and environment --- Heredity and environment --- Nature --- Nature versus nurture --- Nurture and nature --- Genetics --- Heredity --- Human beings --- Behavioral evolution --- Evolutionary psychology --- Action, Human --- Behavior, Human --- Ethology --- Human action --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology --- Psychology --- Social sciences --- Psychology, Comparative --- Human evolution --- Behavioralism (Psychology) --- Behavioristic psychology --- Behaviouralism (Psychology) --- Behaviourism (Psychology) --- Scientific behaviorism --- Development (Psychology) --- Developmental psychobiology --- Life cycle, Human --- Nurture --- Effect of environment on --- Behavior --- biology --- genetics --- imprinting --- behavioural development --- evolution --- adaptability --- zoology

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

How can we design places that fulfill urgent needs of the community, achieve environmental justice, and inspire long-term stewardship? By bringing community members to the table, we open up the possibility of exchanging ideas meaningfully and transforming places powerfully. Collaboration like this is hands-on democracy in action. It’s up close. It’s personal. For decades, participatory design practices have helped enliven neighborhoods and promote cultural understanding. Yet, many designers still rely on the same techniques that were developed in the 1950's and 1960's. These approaches offer predictability, but hold waning promise for addressing current and future design challenges. This volume is written to reinvigorate democratic design, providing inspiration, techniques, and case stories for a wide range of contexts. Edited by six leading practitioners and academics in the field of participatory design, with nearly 50 contributors from around the world, this book shows how to design with communities in empowering and effective ways. The flow of the book’s nine chapters reflects the general progression of community design process, while also encouraging readers to search for ways that best serve their distinct needs and the culture and geography of diverse places. Each chapter presents a series of techniques around a theme, from approaching the initial stages of a project, to getting to know a community, to provoking political change through strategic thinking. Readers may approach the book as they would a cookbook, with recipes open to improvisation, adaptation, and being created anew. This book offers fresh insights for creating meaningful dialogue between designers and communities and for transforming places with justice and democracy in mind.

Philosophy of science --- Sociology --- General ecology and biosociology --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Environmental planning --- Architecture --- Economic geography --- kritisch denken --- ruimtelijke ordening --- sociologie --- steden --- architectuur --- wetenschapsfilosofie --- creativiteit --- milieutechnologie --- milieubeheer --- Environment. --- Sociology, Urban. --- Critical Thinking. --- Urban planning. --- City planning. --- Environment, general. --- Urban Studies/Sociology. --- Urbanism. --- Cities and towns --- City planning --- Civic planning --- Land use, Urban --- Model cities --- Redevelopment, Urban --- Slum clearance --- Town planning --- Urban design --- Urban development --- Urban planning --- Land use --- Planning --- Art, Municipal --- Civic improvement --- Regional planning --- Urban policy --- Urban renewal --- Critical reflection --- Reflection (Critical thinking) --- Reflection process --- Reflective thinking --- Thinking, Critical --- Thinking, Reflective --- Thought and thinking --- Reflective learning --- Urban sociology --- Government policy --- Management --- Euthenics. --- Nature and nurture. --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Ecology. --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Self-organizing systems --- Variation (Biology) --- Biological fitness --- Genetics --- Genetics and environment --- Heredity and environment --- Nature --- Nature versus nurture --- Nurture and nature --- Heredity --- Human beings --- Eugenics --- Ecology --- Nurture --- Effect of environment on --- Environmental adaptation --- Adaptation, Environmental --- Environment and genetics --- Environment and heredity --- Environmental effects on human beings