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Grammar will be explained in this book from a new point of view: that of the speaker. He or she is the architect that makes up the sentence using tools provided by the language and with which he or she performs specific 'operations'. By using these, the speaker manages the information that he or she believes to be sharing with the listener, transmits his or her attitude towards what is being said or depicts in different ways the world that he or she wants to communicate. Henri Adamzcewski and his school have explored these tools in recent decades: here there is a brief synthesis of their work applied to Spanish.

Grammar.

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Commitment is connected to central linguistic features, such as modality and evidentiality. It has thus been investigated in many branches of the field. Building upon this heterogeneous literature, this book offers a cognitive pragmatic account of the processes involved in utterance interpretation, crucially when the hearer assesses the level of commitment linked to it. This research illustrates that the relevance-theoretic notion of strength can be used to capture the cognitive effects of commitment markers (as I think that X, I am sure that X, etc.). The author's model is based on a novel typology as well as predictions which were experimentally tested. The results show that commitment to an utterance is indeed cognitively determined by the strength of the hearer's corresponding assumptions.

Cognitive grammar.

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Bausteine einer Korpusgrammatik des Deutschen ("Building blocks towards a corpus grammar of German") is a series presenting corpus linguistic studies on German grammar conducted at the Leibniz Institute for the German Language in Mannheim (IDS). Using state-of-the-art corpus linguistic methodology, the series aims to capture the diversity and variability of German grammar at a high resolution. At the same time, it aims to ensure the study results are verifiable. Issue by issue, the series will add "building blocks" for a new, consistently corpus-based grammar of German. In addition to the peer-reviewed texts, which are written in the style of grammar chapters, the series publishes the results of statistical analyses and, for selected topics, the underlying data sets.

Grammar. --- Morphology.

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"This grammar provides the first comprehensive grammatical description of Moloko, a Chadic language spoken by about 10,000 speakers in northern Cameroon. The grammar was developed from hours and years that the authors spent at friends’ houses hearing and recording stories, hours spent listening to the tapes and transcribing the stories, then translating them and studying the language through them. Time was spent together and with others speaking the language and talking about it, translating resources and talking to Moloko people about them. Grammar and phonology discoveries were made in the office, in the fields while working, and at gatherings. In the process, the four authors have become more and more passionate about the Moloko language and are eager to share their knowledge about it with others. Intriguing phonological aspects of Moloko include the fact that words have a consonantal skeleton and only one underlying vowel (but with ten phonetic variants). The simplicity of the vowel system contrasts with the complexity of the verb word, which can include information (in addition to the verbal idea) about subject, direct object (semantic Theme), indirect object (recipient or beneficiary), direction, location, aspect (Imperfective and Perfective), mood (indicative, irrealis, iterative), and Perfect aspect. Some of the fascinating aspects about the grammar of Moloko include transitivity issues, question formation, presupposition, and the absence of simple adjectives as a grammatical class. Most verbs are not inherently transitive or intransitive, but rather the semantics is tied to the number and type of core grammatical relations in a clause. Morphologically, two types of verb pronominals indicate two kinds of direct object; both are found in ditransitive clauses. Noun incorporation of special ‘body-part’ nouns in some verbs adds another grammatical argument and changes the lexical characteristics of the verb. Clauses of zero transitivity can occur in main clauses due to the use of dependent verb forms and ideophones. Question formation is interesting in that the interrogative pronoun is clause-final for most constructions. The clause will sometimes be reconfigured so that the interrogative pronoun can be clause-final. Expectation is a foundational pillar for Moloko grammar. Three types of irrealis mood relate to speaker’s expectation concerning the accomplishment of an event. Clauses are organised around the concept of presupposition, through the use of the na-construction. Known or expected elements are marked with the na particle. There are no simple adjectives in Moloko; all adjectives are derived from nouns. The authors invite others to further explore the intricacies of the phonology and grammar of this intriguing language."

Linguistics --- African languages --- Grammar.

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Die Buchreihe Linguistik - Impulse & Tendenzen (LIT) ist ein attraktives Forum für hochwertige Arbeiten zur Sprachwissenschaft - insbesondere zur germanistischen Linguistik. Sie sucht aktuelle Tendenzen aufzunehmen und widerzuspiegeln, gleichzeitig aber wegweisende Impulse für das Fach und seine weitere Entwicklung zu geben. Im Fokus steht die synchrone Sprachwissenschaft mit all ihren Facetten.

German language --- Grammar, Generative.