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no other volumes which cover the broad range of structural and functional aspects of the basal ganglia, with an outlook towards clinical relevance. The Basal Ganglia comprise a group of forebrain nuclei that are interconnected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus and brainstem. Basal ganglia circuits are involved in various functions including motor control and learning, sensorimotor integration, reward and cognition. The importance of the basal ganglia for normal brain function and behavior is emphasized by the numerous and diverse disorders associated with basal ganglia dysfunction

Basal ganglia --- Anatomy. --- Pathophysiology. --- Ganglia, Basal --- Efferent pathways --- Extrapyramidal tracts --- Telencephalon --- Basal Ganglia --- Noyaux gris centraux --- anatomy & histology. --- physiology. --- Physiology --- Diseases --- Physiologie --- Maladies

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This monograph gives an overview of the STN. It treats the position of the STN in hemiballism, based on older and recent data. The cytology encompasses the neuronal types present in the STN in nearly all studied species and focuses on interneurons and the extent of their dendrites. Ultrastructural features are described for cat and baboon (F1, F2, Sr, LR1, LR2 boutons and d.c.v. terminals, together with vesicle containing dendrites), the cytochemistry is focused on receptors (dopamine, cannabinoid, opioid, glutamate, GABA, serotonin, and cholinergic-, purinergic ones) and calcium binding proteins and calcium channels. The development of the subthalamic nucleus from the subthalamic cell cord is given together with its developing connections. The topography of rat, cat, baboon and man is worked out as to cytology, sagittal borders, surrounding nuclei and tracts, and aging of the human STN. The connections of the STN are extensively elaborated on: cortical-, subthalamo-cortical-, pallidosubthalamic-, pedunculopontine-, raphe-, thalamic-, central grey-, and nigral connections. Emphasis is put on human connections. Recent nigro-subthalamic studies showed a contralateral projection. The role of the STN in the basal ganglia circuitry is described as to the direct, indirect and hyperdirect pathway. The change the STN undergoes in Parkinson’s disease in neuronal firing rate and firing pattern is demonstrated together with the possible mechanisms of deep brain stimulation. The results of in vitro measurements on dissociated cultured subthalamic neurons are presented. The preliminary effects of application of acetylcholine and high frequency stimulation are described. This part is preceded with studies concerning spontaneous activity, depolarizing and hyperpolarizing inputs, synaptic inputs, high frequency stimulation, and burst activity of STN cells. The last extensive part concerns STN cell models and simulation of neuronal networks. Single cell models (model of Otsuka and Terman/Rubin) are compared and the multi-compartment model of Gillies and Willshaw is explored. The globus pallidus externus-STN network as proposed by Terman is briefly described. The monograph finishes with a series of interpretations of the results.

Subthalamus. --- Subthalamus --- Basal ganglia. --- Neural networks (Neurobiology) --- Cytology. --- Biological neural networks --- Nets, Neural (Neurobiology) --- Networks, Neural (Neurobiology) --- Neural nets (Neurobiology) --- Cognitive neuroscience --- Neurobiology --- Neural circuitry --- Ganglia, Basal --- Efferent pathways --- Extrapyramidal tracts --- Telencephalon --- Corpus subthalamicum --- Brain --- Diencephalon --- Neurosciences. --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Nervous system

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The aim of the International Meetings of the Basal Ganglia Society (IBAGS) is to provide a unique environment for the open presentation and discussion of new and challenging information about the basal ganglia as it relates to health and disease, covering all areas of basic science and research. Specific topics of the proceedings of this Eighth International Triennial Meeting of the Basal Ganglia Society include behavior, circuitry, functional imaging, modelling, movement disorders, neuropathology, neurotransmitters, pharmacology, physiology, plasticity, treatments for basal ganglia disorders, ventral systems, health and disease, immunology and basal ganglia, and much more.

Basal ganglia. --- Basal ganglia --- Brain Diseases --- Publication Formats --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Cerebrum --- Medicine --- Telencephalon --- Central Nervous System Diseases --- Publication Characteristics --- Health Occupations --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Prosencephalon --- Nervous System Diseases --- Diseases --- Brain --- Central Nervous System --- Nervous System --- Anatomy --- Basal Ganglia --- Pathology --- Physiology --- Basal Ganglia Diseases --- Congresses --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Neuroscience --- Neurology --- Corpus striatum. --- Ganglia, Basal --- Medicine. --- Immunology. --- Neurosciences. --- Neurology. --- Pathology. --- Neurobiology. --- Biomedicine. --- Efferent pathways --- Extrapyramidal tracts --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Neurosciences --- Disease (Pathology) --- Medical sciences --- Medicine, Preventive --- Nervous system --- Neuropsychiatry --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neurology .

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The International Basal Ganglia Society (IBAGS) furthers understanding of normal basal ganglia function and the pathophysiology of disorders of the basal ganglia. These disorders include Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and schizophrenia. IBAGS triennial meetings bring together research scientists from all disciplines, as well as clinicians who are actively involved in the treatment of basal ganglia disorders, to discuss the most recent advances in the field and to generate new approaches and ideas for the future. The Basal Ganglia IX features proceedings from the society’s ninth meeting held in September of 2007. Topics discussed include neural systems of reinforcement for drug addiction, the impact of brain research on clinical practice, deep brain stimulation, and genetic aspects of movement disorders. The Basal Ganglia IX is part of Springer’s Advances in Behavioral Biology series, and will be of interest to researchers of neuroscience, neuropharmacology, neurobiology, neuroanatomy, and neurophysiology.

Basal ganglia --Congresses. --- Basal ganglia --Diseases --Congresses. --- Parkinson's disease --Congresses. --- Basal ganglia --- Parkinson's disease --- Basal Ganglia Diseases --- Congresses --- Disease Models, Animal --- Physiology --- Basal Ganglia --- Cerebrum --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Models, Biological --- Animal Diseases --- Models, Animal --- Publication Formats --- Brain Diseases --- Models, Theoretical --- Publication Characteristics --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Telencephalon --- Diseases --- Central Nervous System Diseases --- Investigative Techniques --- Prosencephalon --- Nervous System Diseases --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Brain --- Central Nervous System --- Nervous System --- Anatomy --- Neurology --- Neuroscience --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Ganglia, Basal --- Medicine. --- Neurosciences. --- Neurology. --- Neurobiology. --- Biomedicine. --- Neurosciences --- Nervous system --- Neuropsychiatry --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Medical sciences --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Efferent pathways --- Extrapyramidal tracts --- Neurology .