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En démographie, la description et l’analyse d’événements individuels, facteurs directs ou indirects des transformations sociales, font intervenir simultanément différents niveaux d’observation, depuis les individus eux-mêmes jusqu’à celui de la population à laquelle ils appartiennent. Mener une analyse statistique à différents niveaux dans un seul et même modèle apporte à l’approche quantitative une précision supplémentaire. Cet ouvrage guide le lecteur dans ses premiers pas en analyse multiniveau, de la conception à la mise en œuvre de cette approche. La démarche pédagogique des auteurs se fonde sur l’utilisation des trois logiciels de programmation les plus courants (Stata®, SAS® et R) et sur l’exemple concret d’une modélisation des facteurs de la scolarisation au Kenya, menée pas à pas sur des données de recensement. Destiné à tous les utilisateurs de bases de données statistiques qui souhaitent développer ou approfondir leurs connaissances en analyse multiniveau, ce manuel détaille et illustre les procédures à suivre pour mettre en œuvre un tel modèle, ses prérequis, ses attendus et ses limites, et donne également des pistes de lecture pour aller plus loin.

Social sciences --- Multilevel models (Statistics) --- Regression Analysis --- Multivariate analysis --- Analysis of variance --- Research --- Mathematical models --- Statistical methods --- Regression analysis. --- Mathematical models. --- Social sciences - Research - Mathematical models --- Social sciences - Statistical methods --- Demography --- démographie --- donnée quantitative --- étude des populations --- informatique --- méthodologie statistique --- multiniveau

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Income distribution --- Economic development --- Autoregression (Statistics) --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Regression analysis --- Stochastic processes --- Distribution of income --- Income inequality --- Inequality of income --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Disposable income --- E-books --- Income distribution. --- Economic development.

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"Even though there is a growing interest in predictive policing, to date there have been few, if any, formal evaluations of these programs. This report documents an assessment of a predictive policing effort in Shreveport, Louisiana, in 2012, which was conducted to evaluate the crime reduction effects of policing guided by statistical predictions. RAND researchers led multiple interviews and focus groups with the Shreveport Police Department throughout the course of the trial to document the implementation of the statistical predictive and prevention models. In addition to a basic assessment of the process, the report shows the crime impacts and costs directly attributable to the strategy. It is hoped that this will provide a fuller picture for police departments considering if and how a predictive policing strategy should be adopted. There was no statistically significant change in property crime in the experimental districts that applied the predictive models compared with the control districts; therefore, overall, the intervention was deemed to have no effect. There are both statistical and substantive possibilities to explain this null effect. In addition, it is likely that the predictive policing program did not cost any more than the status quo."--"Abstract" on web page.

Crime prevention --- Offenses against property --- Law enforcement --- Police administration --- Regression analysis --- Forecasting --- Social prediction --- Social Welfare & Social Work --- Social Sciences --- Criminology, Penology & Juvenile Delinquency --- Prevention --- Statistical methods --- Prediction, Social --- Social forecasting --- Sociological prediction --- Forecasts --- Futurology --- Prediction --- Analysis, Regression --- Linear regression --- Regression modeling --- Police --- Police management --- Enforcement of law --- Crimes against property --- Crime --- Prevention of crime --- Administration --- Management --- Government policy --- Sociology --- Social indicators --- Multivariate analysis --- Structural equation modeling --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Public safety --- Policing

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This book results from a Special Issue related to the latest progress in the thermodynamics of machines systems and processes since the premonitory work of Carnot. Carnot invented his famous cycle and generalized the efficiency concept for thermo-mechanical engines. Since that time, research progressed from the equilibrium approach to the irreversible situation that represents the general case. This book illustrates the present state-of-the-art advances after one or two centuries of consideration regarding applications and fundamental aspects. The research is moving fast in the direction of economic and environmental aspects. This will probably continue during the coming years. This book mainly highlights the recent focus on the maximum power of engines, as well as the corresponding first law efficiency upper bounds.

indoor air quality --- microservice --- regression analysis --- Northern Cyprus --- environmental and technological design --- air infiltration --- IoT --- shading devices --- BIPV --- energy need optimisation --- massive simulation modelling --- thermal transmittance of enclosures --- energy efficiency --- indoor air quality index --- building energy performance --- energy consumption --- mobile app --- annual energy demand --- Passivhaus --- renewable energy integration --- dynamic building simulation --- passivhaus --- thermal comfort --- passive cooling systems --- passive strategies --- passive house --- smart ventilation --- fan-assisted ventilation

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This paper analyzes the determinants of credit cyclicality. It constructs a financial development index and studies whether it affects the amplitude of impulse responses to shocks to output, terms of trade, global liquidity, and global risk appetite. The paper uses both country-specific VARs for cross-country analyses and panel VARs to compare impulse responses between various country groupings. The study finds evidence that financial development-especially stronger creditor rights-can mitigate credit cyclicality, given that the response of credit to output or terms of trade shocks is stronger in countries with weaker financial systems.

Credit --- Finance --- Autoregression (Statistics) --- Regression analysis --- Stochastic processes --- Borrowing --- Money --- Loans --- Econometric models. --- Exports and Imports --- Finance: General --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Economic Theory --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy --- Empirical Studies of Trade --- Financial Economics --- Monetary economics --- International economics --- Economic theory & philosophy --- Financial sector development --- Consumer credit --- Terms of trade --- Financial frictions --- Financial services industry --- Economic policy --- nternational cooperation --- Economic forecasting --- Chile