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This collection of essays examines the relatively new, and frequently overlooked, political phenomenon in post-colonial Africa of chieftaincy "re-inventing" itself. The traditional authority of chiefs has been one of Africa's missing voices who are now bringing new resources to the challenges that AIDS, gender, governance, and development pose to the peoples of Africa. Reinventing African Chieftaincy in the Age of AIDS, Gender, Governance, and Development presents new research in Ghana, Botswana, and South Africa, providing the broadest geographic African coverage on the topic of African chieftaincy. The nineteen authors, many of them emerging scholars from Africa, are all members of the Traditional Authority Applied Research Network (TAARN). Their essays give critical insight into the transformation processes of chieftaincy from the end of the colonial/apartheid periods to the present. They also examine the realities of male and female traditional leaders in reinventing their legitimacy and their political offices in the age of great social and political unrest, health issues and governance and development challenges. With contribtutions by: Kusi Ankra Sherri A. Brown Wilhelmina J. Donkoh Gaelle Eizlini Brian Keating Kereng Daniel Lebogang Kgotleng Mogopodi H. Lekorwe Sibongiseni Mkhize Mpho F. Moloma Morgan Nyendu Christiane Owusu-Sarpong Donald I. Ray Kimberley Schoon Keshav C. Sharma Mpilo Pearl Sithole Robert Thornton Shahid Vawda.

Chiefdoms --- Tribal government --- Ghana --- South Africa --- Botswana --- Politics and government. --- Social conditions. --- Social conditions --- Political science --- Tribes --- Chieftaincies --- Chieftainships --- Political anthropology --- Batsvana --- Bociwana --- Bocvana --- Bocvano --- Botsouana --- Botsuana --- Botsuwana --- Botsvana --- Botsvana Cumhuriyeti --- Botsvana Respublikası --- Botsvanas Republika --- Botsvanos Respublika --- Botswana Vabariik --- Botswanako Errepublika --- Botswanan tasavalta --- Botswanská republika --- Cộng hoà Botswana --- Dēmokratia tēs Botsouanas --- GOB --- Gweriniaeth Botswana --- Jamhuri ya Botswana --- Lefatshe la Botswana --- Lýðveldið Botsvana --- Repaboliki ya Botswana --- Repubblica del Botswana --- Republic of Botswana --- Republica de Botsuana --- República do Botsuana --- República do Botswana --- Republiek Botswana --- Republiek van Botswana --- Republik Botsuana --- Republik Botswana --- Republika Bocvana --- Republika Botswany --- Republika ng Botswana --- Republiken Botswana --- Republikken Botswana --- République du Botswana --- Rėspublika Batsvana --- Respublika Botsvana --- Respubliko Bocvano --- Μποτσουάνα --- Δημοκρατία της Μποτσουάνας --- Рэспубліка Батсвана --- Республика Ботсвана --- Республіка Ботсвана --- Република Боцвана --- Батсвана --- Ботсвана --- Боцвана --- ボツワナ --- 博茨瓦纳 --- Bechuanaland Protectorate

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It is now 50 years since E.P. Thompson published his classic, The Making of the English Working Class. The Making of an African Working Class follows Thompson in exploring the formation of working class identity among low-paid African workers. In arguing for a radical public anthropology of worker identity, the book seeks to analyse the cultural, legal, ideological and experiential dimensions of labour activism often neglected in other labour studies. Pnina Werbner shows that by fusing cosmopolitan and local popular cultural forms of protest, unionists have created a distinctive, vernacular way of being a worker in Botswana: one that does not deny workers' roots at home or in the countryside, while being cognisant of a wider world of cosmopolitan labour rights. The assertion of working class dignity, honour and respect, Pnina argues, is a powerful motivating force for manual workers. Against legal-sceptical approaches, The Making of an African Working Class argues that in challenging the government - their employer - in court, manual workers' protests and mobilisation are deeply embedded in ethics, social justice and the law.

Sociology of work --- Community organization --- Employers and workers organisations --- Botswana --- Labor unions --- Working class --- Commons (Social order) --- Labor and laboring classes --- Laboring class --- Labouring class --- Working classes --- Social classes --- Labor --- Industrial unions --- Labor, Organized --- Labor organizations --- Organized labor --- Trade-unions --- Unions, Labor --- Unions, Trade --- Working-men's associations --- Labor movement --- Societies --- Central labor councils --- Guilds --- Syndicalism --- History --- Employment --- National Amalgamated Local & Central Government & Parastatal Manual Workers Union. --- NALCGPMWU --- National Amalgamated Local and Central Government, Parastatal Manual Workers Union --- Botsvana --- GOB --- Republic of Botswana --- Lefatshe la Botswana --- Republiek van Botswana --- Botsuana --- Republica de Botsuana --- Botsouana --- Botsvana Respublikası --- Батсвана --- Batsvana --- Рэспубліка Батсвана --- Rėspublika Batsvana --- Bocvana --- Republika Bocvana --- Ботсвана --- Botswanská republika --- Repaboliki ya Botswana --- Gweriniaeth Botswana --- Republikken Botswana --- Republik Botsuana --- Botswana Vabariik --- Μποτσουάνα --- Δημοκρατία της Μποτσουάνας --- Dēmokratia tēs Botsouanas --- Bocvano --- Respubliko Bocvano --- Botswanako Errepublika --- République du Botswana --- Republik Botswana --- Lýðveldið Botsvana --- Repubblica del Botswana --- Jamhuri ya Botswana --- Botsvanas Republika --- Botsvanos Respublika --- Боцвана --- Република Боцвана --- Republiek Botswana --- ボツワナ --- Botsuwana --- Republika Botswany --- República do Botswana --- República do Botsuana --- Республика Ботсвана --- Respublika Botsvana --- Botswanan tasavalta --- Republiken Botswana --- Republika ng Botswana --- Botsvana Cumhuriyeti --- Республіка Ботсвана --- Cộng hoà Botswana --- 博茨瓦纳 --- Bociwana --- Bechuanaland Protectorate --- Social conditions. --- Politics and government. --- E-books --- Strikes and lockouts --- History. --- Combinations of labor --- Lockouts --- Work stoppages --- Direct action --- Labor disputes --- Strikebreakers --- Law / Labor & Employment --- Law --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Jurisprudence --- Legislation

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Botswana’s 2003 Article IV Consultation reports that Botswana’s core economic database is largely adequate for surveillance, although the quality and timeliness of national accounts and key trade data need to be improved. Financial sector reforms, including a partial privatization of the civil service pension scheme, are an important part of the economic strategy. The increased risk associated with these reforms should be addressed through enhanced supervision of the sector. The authorities are making efforts to strengthen monetary management.

Fiscal policy --- Monetary policy --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Finance, Public --- Government policy --- Botswana --- Batsvana --- Bociwana --- Bocvana --- Bocvano --- Botsouana --- Botsuana --- Botsuwana --- Botsvana --- Botsvana Cumhuriyeti --- Botsvana Respublikası --- Botsvanas Republika --- Botsvanos Respublika --- Botswana Vabariik --- Botswanako Errepublika --- Botswanan tasavalta --- Botswanská republika --- Cộng hoà Botswana --- Dēmokratia tēs Botsouanas --- GOB --- Gweriniaeth Botswana --- Jamhuri ya Botswana --- Lefatshe la Botswana --- Lýðveldið Botsvana --- Repaboliki ya Botswana --- Repubblica del Botswana --- Republic of Botswana --- Republica de Botsuana --- República do Botsuana --- República do Botswana --- Republiek Botswana --- Republiek van Botswana --- Republik Botsuana --- Republik Botswana --- Republika Bocvana --- Republika Botswany --- Republika ng Botswana --- Republiken Botswana --- Republikken Botswana --- République du Botswana --- Rėspublika Batsvana --- Respublika Botsvana --- Respubliko Bocvano --- Μποτσουάνα --- Δημοκρατία της Μποτσουάνας --- Рэспубліка Батсвана --- Республика Ботсвана --- Республіка Ботсвана --- Република Боцвана --- Батсвана --- Ботсвана --- Боцвана --- ボツワナ --- 博茨瓦纳 --- Bechuanaland Protectorate --- Economic policy. --- Budgeting --- Exports and Imports --- Public Finance --- Diseases: AIDS and HIV --- Health Behavior --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Public finance & taxation --- HIV/AIDS --- International economics --- Budgeting & financial management --- Macroeconomics --- HIV and AIDS --- Expenditure --- Public debt --- Revenue administration --- Current account balance --- Health --- Balance of payments --- HIV --- Viruses --- Expenditures, Public --- Debts, Public --- Revenue

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In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.

Botswana --- Batsvana --- Bociwana --- Bocvana --- Bocvano --- Botsouana --- Botsuana --- Botsuwana --- Botsvana --- Botsvana Cumhuriyeti --- Botsvana Respublikası --- Botsvanas Republika --- Botsvanos Respublika --- Botswana Vabariik --- Botswanako Errepublika --- Botswanan tasavalta --- Botswanská republika --- Cộng hoà Botswana --- Dēmokratia tēs Botsouanas --- GOB --- Gweriniaeth Botswana --- Jamhuri ya Botswana --- Lefatshe la Botswana --- Lýðveldið Botsvana --- Repaboliki ya Botswana --- Repubblica del Botswana --- Republic of Botswana --- Republica de Botsuana --- República do Botsuana --- República do Botswana --- Republiek Botswana --- Republiek van Botswana --- Republik Botsuana --- Republik Botswana --- Republika Bocvana --- Republika Botswany --- Republika ng Botswana --- Republiken Botswana --- Republikken Botswana --- République du Botswana --- Rėspublika Batsvana --- Respublika Botsvana --- Respubliko Bocvano --- Μποτσουάνα --- Δημοκρατία της Μποτσουάνας --- Рэспубліка Батсвана --- Республика Ботсвана --- Республіка Ботсвана --- Република Боцвана --- Батсвана --- Ботсвана --- Боцвана --- ボツワナ --- 博茨瓦纳 --- Bechuanaland Protectorate --- Economic policy. --- Economic conditions --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Infrastructure --- Macroeconomics --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Trade: General --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities: General --- Banking --- International economics --- Imports --- Income --- Commercial banks --- Transportation --- International trade --- National accounts --- Financial institutions --- Exports --- Banks and banking --- Saving and investment

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Devoted to research and scholarship dedicated to promoting the concept of transdisciplinary research

natural sciences --- human sciences --- Interdisciplinary research --- Science --- Science and the humanities --- Social sciences --- Africa, Southern --- Electronic journals --- Cyber journals --- Cyber magazines --- Cyber periodicals --- Cyber serials --- E-journals --- Ejournals --- Electronic magazines --- Electronic periodicals --- Electronic serials --- Internet journals (Electronic publications) --- Internet magazines (Electronic publications) --- Internet periodicals (Electronic publications) --- Internet serials (Electronic publications) --- Online journals --- Online magazines --- Online periodicals --- Online serials --- Periodicals in machine-readable form --- Web journals (Electronic publications) --- Web magazines (Electronic publications) --- Web periodicals (Electronic publications) --- Web serials (Electronic publications) --- World Wide Web journals (Electronic publications) --- World Wide Web magazines (Electronic publications) --- World Wide Web periodicals 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Lesotho --- Reino de Lesoto --- Reino do Lesoto --- Resoto --- Royaume du Lesotho --- Ufalme wa Lesotho --- Vương quó̂c Lesotho --- Government of the Kingdom of Eswatini --- Kingdom of Eswatini --- Swaziland --- Umbuso weSwatini --- Mo-san-pi-kʻo --- Moçambique --- Mosambiek --- Mosambik --- Mozambico --- Mozambik --- Msumbiji --- Narodnai͡a Respublika Mozambik --- NR Mozambik --- People's Republic of Mozambique --- Portugal --- Portuguese East Africa --- República de Moçambique --- República Popular de Moçambique --- State of Mozambique --- Volksrepublik Mosambik --- Batsvana --- Bechuanaland Protectorate --- Bociwana --- Bocvana --- Bocvano --- Botsouana --- Botsuana --- Botsuwana --- Botsvana --- Botsvana Cumhuriyeti --- Botsvana Respublikası --- Botsvanas Republika --- Botsvanos Respublika --- Botswana Vabariik --- Botswanako Errepublika --- Botswanan tasavalta --- Botswanská republika --- Cộng hoà Botswana --- Dēmokratia tēs Botsouanas --- GOB --- Gweriniaeth Botswana --- Jamhuri ya Botswana --- Lefatshe la Botswana --- Lýðveldið Botsvana --- Repaboliki ya Botswana --- Repubblica del Botswana --- Republic of Botswana --- Republica de Botsuana --- República do Botsuana --- República do Botswana --- Republiek Botswana --- Republiek van Botswana --- Republik Botsuana --- Republik Botswana --- Republika Bocvana --- Republika Botswany --- Republika ng Botswana --- Republiken Botswana --- Republikken Botswana --- République du Botswana --- Rėspublika Batsvana --- Respublika Botsvana --- Respubliko Bocvano --- Anghūl --- Narodnai͡a Respublika Angoly --- People's Republic of Angola --- Portugiesisch Westafrika --- Portuguese West Africa --- R.P.A. --- Republic of Angola --- República de Angola --- República Popular de Angola --- République populaire d'Angola --- RPA --- Volksrepublik Angola --- África del Sur --- África do Sul --- Afrika Selatan --- Afrique du Sud --- Azania --- Dél-Afrika --- Dél-Afrikai Köztársaság --- Derom Afriḳah --- Dorem-Afriḳe --- Güney Afrika 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Suid-Afrika --- Union of South Africa --- An tSiombáib --- Cimbabue --- Dēmokratia tēs Zimpampoue --- Government of Zimbabwe --- Jinbabue --- Poblachd Shiombabue --- Repubblica dello Zimbabwe --- Republic of Zimbabwe --- República de Zimbabue --- Republika Zimbabve --- Simbabve --- Simbabwe --- Siombabue --- Southern Rhodesia --- Yn Çhimbabwe --- Zimbabhue --- Zimbabua --- Zimbabue --- Zimbabvah --- Zimbabve --- Zimbabṿeh --- Zimbabves Republika --- Zīmbābvih --- Zimbabvo --- Zimbabweh --- Zimpampoue