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Quels sont les effets de la décentralisation en Amérique latine ? Cet ouvrage examine les problèmes soulevés par la décentralisation politique dans la région et identifie les défis à relever. La décentralisation délègue en effet un certain degré de responsabilité financière aux gouvernements locaux et pourrait ainsi compromettre les objectifs fixés au niveau central en matière budgétaire et fiscale. Cette question se pose avec une acuité particulière à l'heure où il est nécessaire de conjuguer les progrès de la démocratisation avec la rigueur budgétaire requise par le marché international.Cet ouvrage rassemble les contributions présentées lors du huitième Forum annuel sur les perspectives latino-américaines, organisé conjointement par le Centre de Développement de l'OCDE et la Banque interaméricaine de développement. Les analyses des économistes sont confrontées à l'expérience pratique de décideurs de plusieurs pays d'Amérique latine, ce qui offre au lecteur un exposé stimulant des avantages et des risques de cette tendance à la décentralisation pour le développement économique. Ricardo Hausmann propose "dix commandements" particulièrement intéressants qui pourraient servir de règles à la gestion budgétaire dans les démocraties décentralisées. Ces propositions, et d'autres encore, alimentent de manière aussi vivante que pertinente le débat sur cet enjeu de premier plan.

LAM / Latin America - Latijns Amerika - Amérique Latine --- 336.451 --- 336.61 --- 336.53 --- 336.50 --- 336.401 --- Begrotingsjaren en begrotingsstaten. Rijksmiddelenbegroting. Begrotingstekort. --- Financieel beleid. --- Financiële betrekkingen tussen het rijk, de provincies en de gemeenten. --- Provinciale en gemeentelijke financiën: algemeenheden. --- Verband tussen begrotingspolitiek en economische evolutie. --- Deficit financing --- Decentralization in government --- Democracy --- Financement par le déficit --- Décentralisation administrative --- Démocratie --- Congresses --- Congrès --- Begrotingsjaren en begrotingsstaten. Rijksmiddelenbegroting. Begrotingstekort --- Financieel beleid --- Financiële betrekkingen tussen het rijk, de provincies en de gemeenten --- Provinciale en gemeentelijke financiën: algemeenheden --- Verband tussen begrotingspolitiek en economische evolutie --- Development

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Fiscal discipline is essential to improve and sustain economic performance, maintain macroeconomic stability, and reduce vulnerabilities. Discipline is especially important if countries, industrial as well as developing, are to successfully meet the challenges, and reap the benefits, of economic and financial globalization. Lack of fiscal discipline generally stems from the injudicious use of policy discretion. The benefits of discretion are seen in terms of the ability of policymakers to respond to unexpected shocks and in allowing elected political representatives to fulfill their mandates. But discretion can be misused, resulting in persistent deficits and procyclical policies, rising debt levels, and, over time, a loss in policy credibility. The authors first explore the role of discretion in fiscal policy, and the extent, consequences, and causes of procyclicality, particularly in good times. They then examine how a variety of institutional approaches—fiscal rules, fiscal responsibility laws, and fiscal agencies—can help improve fiscal discipline. While each of these approaches can play a useful role, the authors suggest that a strategy combining them is likely to be particularly beneficial. Although such a strategy requires political commitment and effective fiscal management, at the same time, the strategy itself can bolster political commitment by highlighting the restraints on government and raising the costs of failing to respect them.

Fiscal policy. --- Finance, Public. --- Economic policy. --- Politique fiscale --- Finances publiques --- Politique économique --- AA / International- internationaal --- 336.61 --- 336.451 --- 336.401 --- Fiscal policy --- Finance, Public --- Economic policy --- 336 --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Economics --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Cameralistics --- Public finance --- Currency question --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Financieel beleid. --- Begrotingsjaren en begrotingsstaten. Rijksmiddelenbegroting. Begrotingstekort. --- Verband tussen begrotingspolitiek en economische evolutie. --- Government policy --- Political Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Public Finance --- Politique économique --- Verband tussen begrotingspolitiek en economische evolutie --- Begrotingsjaren en begrotingsstaten. Rijksmiddelenbegroting. Begrotingstekort --- Financieel beleid --- E-books --- Public finances --- Budgeting --- Finance: General --- Macroeconomics --- Production and Operations Management --- Fiscal Policy --- Public Administration --- Public Sector Accounting and Audits --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Public finance & taxation --- Financial administration & public finance law --- Budgeting & financial management --- Finance --- PFM legal and regulatory frameworks --- Budget planning and preparation --- Expenditure --- Fiscal stance --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Law and legislation --- Budget --- Expenditures, Public --- New Zealand

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This book, by A. Premchand, a former Assistant Director of IMF's Fiscal Affairs Department, provides a comprehensive discussion of the expenditure process in public authorities from a management perspective. It covers the various aspects, ranging from budget formulation to the courteous delivery of services to the public. In each, it considers the critical issues faced in industrial and developing countries and formerly centrally planned economies and discusses the efforts necessary to assure the public about the adequacy of public expenditure management machinery.

Organization theory --- Expenditures, Public --- Dépenses publiques --- Management --- Gestion --- Budget --- Budget. --- Expenditures, Public. --- Political Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Public Finance --- 336.121 --- depenses nationales --- management --- AA / International- internationaal --- 336.61 --- 336.00 --- 336.01 --- 336.301 --- 336.401 --- 352.46 --- Appropriations and expenditures --- Government appropriations --- Government expenditures --- Government spending --- Public expenditures --- Public spending --- Spending, Government --- Finance, Public --- Public administration --- Government spending policy --- Budgeting --- Nationaal budget. Rijksbegroting. Staatsbegroting. Begrotingspolitiek --- nationale bestedingen --- Financieel beleid. --- Organisatie van de overheidsfinanciën. Overheidsuitgaven en -inkomsten: algemeenheden --- Overheidsbemoeiing op economisch gebied. --- Toestand, structuur, rentelast en evolutie van de rijksschuld. --- Verband tussen begrotingspolitiek en economische evolutie. --- Forecasting --- 336.121 Nationaal budget. Rijksbegroting. Staatsbegroting. Begrotingspolitiek --- Dépenses publiques --- Overheidsbemoeiing op economisch gebied --- Toestand, structuur, rentelast en evolutie van de rijksschuld --- Verband tussen begrotingspolitiek en economische evolutie --- Financieel beleid --- E-books --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Industries: Financial Services --- Labor --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Public Administration --- Public Sector Accounting and Audits --- Public finance & taxation --- Budgeting & financial management --- Finance --- Privatization --- Budget planning and preparation --- Expenditure --- Expenditure control --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Public debt --- Debts, Public --- Fiscal policy --- United States

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Fiscal policy can foster growth and human development through a number of different channels. These include the macroeconomic (for example, through the influence of the budget deficit on growth) as well as the microeconomic (through its influence on the efficiency of resource use). But how precisely do these channels work in developing countries? What kinds of tax and expenditure policies should developing countries implement to help them meet the Millennium Development Goals? And how can international aid be made more effective? Drawing on both theory and country experience, this book brings together IMF research on the various ways fiscal policy can be used to help spur economic development.

Finance, Public --- Government spending policy --- Finances publiques --- Dépenses publiques --- Politique gouvernementale --- Developing countries --- Pays en développement --- Appropriations and expenditures. --- Crédits budgétaires et dépenses --- Developing countries -- Appropriations and expenditures. --- Finance, Public -- Developing countries. --- Government spending policy -- Developing countries. --- Political Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Public Finance --- Developing Countries --- 336.401 --- 338.340 --- LDC / Developping Countries - Pays En Développement --- -Government spending policy --- -339.52091724 --- Expenditures, Public --- Public spending policy --- Spending policy, Government --- Economic policy --- Full employment policies --- Unfunded mandates --- Cameralistics --- Public finance --- Currency question --- Verband tussen begrotingspolitiek en economische evolutie. --- Algemene ontwikkeling in de Derde Wereld. --- Government policy --- Dépenses publiques --- Pays en développement --- Crédits budgétaires et dépenses --- Emerging nations --- Fourth World --- Global South --- LDC's --- Least developed countries --- Less developed countries --- Newly industrialized countries --- Newly industrializing countries --- NICs (Newly industrialized countries) --- Third World --- Underdeveloped areas --- Underdeveloped countries --- 339.52091724 --- Verband tussen begrotingspolitiek en economische evolutie --- Algemene ontwikkeling in de Derde Wereld --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Fiscal Policy --- Education: General --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- National Government Expenditures and Health --- Public finance & taxation --- Education --- International economics --- Health economics --- Expenditure --- Health care spending --- Fiscal policy --- Education spending --- Public debt --- Debts, Public --- Health --- Ethiopia, The Federal Democratic Republic of

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Are the three Baltic countries, Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania, ready for accession to the European Union? Have their economies overcome the problems of transition? The answers to these questions and their implications for policy are provided in this collection of analyses. Rather than a country-by-country description, the volume provides a cross-country perspective of developments from 1994 through mid-1997. The seven sections of this paper discuss recent macroeconomic and structural policies, exchange rate regimes, fiscal issues, financial systems, private sector development, and accession to the European Union.

Economic policy and planning (general) --- European Union --- Baltic Area --- Baltic States --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy --- Fiscal policy --- -Monetary policy --- -Structural adjustment (Economic policy) --- Economic stabilization --- -Foreign exchange --- -338 <474> --- banken --- economische situatie --- fiscaliteit --- monetair beleid --- Oost-Europa --- cooperation economique --- developpement economique --- pays balkaniques --- union europeenne --- EE / Estonia - Estland - Estonie --- LT / Lithuania - Litouwen - Lituanie --- LV / Latvia - Letland - Lettonie --- 333.101 --- 334.153.0 --- 331.30 --- 305.2 --- 336.401 --- 333.451.6 --- 330.05 --- 330.9479 --- Cambistry --- Currency exchange --- Exchange, Foreign --- Foreign currency --- Foreign exchange problem --- Foreign money --- Forex --- FX (Finance) --- International exchange --- International finance --- Currency crises --- Adjustment, Economic --- Business stabilization --- Economic adjustment --- Stabilization, Economic --- Monetary management --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Finance, Public --- Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Baltische Republieken --- economische samenwerking --- economische ontwikkeling --- balkanlanden --- europese unie --- Banksysteem en bankstelsel. --- Betrekkingen tussen de Europese Gemeenschappen en de geassocieerde of derde landen: algemeenheden. --- Economische toestand. --- Statistieken van de conjunctuur. --- Verband tussen begrotingspolitiek en economische evolutie. --- Vlottende wisselkoersen. Crawling peg. --- Government policy --- -Baltic States --- -Baltic Republics --- Baltics (States) --- Working papers --- -Economic conditions --- 338 <474> Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Baltische Republieken --- 338 <474> --- Statistieken van de conjunctuur --- Economische toestand --- Banksysteem en bankstelsel --- Vlottende wisselkoersen. Crawling peg --- Betrekkingen tussen de Europese Gemeenschappen en de geassocieerde of derde landen: algemeenheden --- Verband tussen begrotingspolitiek en economische evolutie --- Baltic Republics --- Economic conditions. --- Economic policy. --- Baltic States - Economic conditions --- Baltic States - Economic policy --- Banks and Banking --- Budgeting --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions --- Privatization --- Contracting Out --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- Banking --- Public finance & taxation --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Finance --- Expenditure --- Budget planning and preparation --- Commercial banks --- Financial institutions --- Economic sectors --- Exchange rate arrangements --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Banks and banking --- Expenditures, Public --- Pensions --- Lithuania, Republic of