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This book reviews recent advances in the use of SAR imagery for operational applications and for supporting science investigations of the polar oceans. The important parameters which can be extracted from spaceborne SAR imagery are discussed. Algorithms used in such analyses are described and data systems used in producing the sea ice products are provided.
Sea ice --- Synthetic aperture radar. --- Remote sensing. --- Geophysics. --- Oceanography. --- Geographical information systems. --- Atmospheric sciences. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Geographical Information Systems/Cartography. --- Atmospheric Sciences. --- Atmospheric sciences --- Earth sciences --- Atmosphere --- Geographical information systems --- GIS (Information systems) --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Oceanography, Physical --- Oceanology --- Physical oceanography --- Thalassography --- Marine sciences --- Ocean --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Physics --- Geography --- Ice --- Ice navigation --- Oceanography --- Icebergs
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Studies of convection in geophysical flows constitute an advanced and rapidly developing area of research that is relevant to problems of the natural environment. During the last decade, significant progress has been achieved in the field as a result of both experimental studies and numerical modelling. This led to the principal revision of the widely held view on buoyancy-driven turbulent flows comprising an organised mean component with superimposed chaotic turbulence. An intermediate type of motion, represented by coherent structures, has been found to play a key role in geophysical boundary layers and in larger scale atmospheric and hydrospheric circulations driven by buoyant forcing. New aspects of the interaction between convective motions and rotation have recently been discovered and investigated. Extensive experimental data have also been collected on the role of convection in cloud dynamics and microphysics. New theoretical concepts and approaches have been outlined regarding scaling and parameterization of physical processes in buoyancy-driven geophysical flows. The book summarizes interdisciplinary studies of buoyancy effects in different media (atmosphere and hydrosphere) over a wide range of scales (small scale phenomena in unstably stratified and convectively mixed layers to deep convection in the atmosphere and ocean), by different research methods (field measurements, laboratory simulations, numerical modelling), and within a variety of application areas (dispersion of pollutants, weather forecasting, hazardous phenomena associated with buoyant forcing).
Boundary layer (Meteorology) --- Couche limite (Meteorologie) --- Grenslaag (Meteorologie) --- Fluid dynamics --- Geophysics --- Heat --- Turbulence --- Convection --- Congresses --- Atmospheric sciences. --- Mechanics. --- Oceanography. --- Continuum physics. --- Atmospheric Sciences. --- Classical Mechanics. --- Classical and Continuum Physics. --- Classical field theory --- Continuum physics --- Physics --- Continuum mechanics --- Oceanography, Physical --- Oceanology --- Physical oceanography --- Thalassography --- Earth sciences --- Marine sciences --- Ocean --- Classical mechanics --- Newtonian mechanics --- Dynamics --- Quantum theory --- Atmospheric sciences --- Atmosphere --- Turbulence. --- Geophysics. --- Fluid dynamics. --- Convection. --- Flow, Turbulent --- Turbulent flow --- Convection of heat --- Atmosphere, Lower --- Atmospheric boundary layer --- Friction layer (Meteorology) --- Ground layer (Meteorology) --- Lower atmosphere --- Planetary boundary layer --- Surface boundary layer --- Surface layer (Meteorology) --- Fluid mechanics --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Géographie physique --- Heat - Convection
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Aerophysics --- Atmosfeer--Chemie --- Atmosferische chemie --- Atmosferische fysica --- Atmospheric chemistry --- Atmospheric physics --- Atmosphère [Chimie de l' ] --- Chemie [Atmosferische ] --- Chemie van de atmosfeer --- Chemistry [Atmospheric ] --- Chimie atmosphérique --- Chimie de l'atmosphère --- Physical meteorology --- Physics [Atmospheric ] --- Physique atmosphérique --- Atmospheric physics - Research - United States. --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Meteorology & Climatology --- Research --- Atmospheric physics. --- Atmospheric chemistry. --- Atmospheric sciences --- Geophysics --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- United States --- Meteorology, Physical --- Atmospheric science
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This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the physical phenomena that result from the interaction of the sun and the planets - often termed space weather. Physics of the Space Environment explores the basic processes in the Sun, in the interplanetary medium, in the near-Earth space, and down into the atmosphere. The first part of the book summarizes fundamental elements of transport theory relevant for the atmosphere, ionosphere and the magnetosphere. This theory is then applied to physical phenomena in the space environment. The fundamental physical processes are emphasized throughout, and basic concepts and methods are derived from first principles. This book is unique in its balanced treatment of space plasma and aeronomical phenomena. Students and researchers with a basic mathematics and physics background will find this book invaluable in the study of phenomena in the space environment.
Solar wind. --- Space environment. --- Space environment --- Environment, Space --- Extraterrestrial environment --- Space weather --- Atmospheric physics. --- Atmosphere, Upper. --- Magnetosphere. --- Aeronomy --- Upper atmosphere --- Atmosphere --- Extreme environments --- Aerophysics --- Atmospheric sciences --- Physical meteorology --- Geophysics --- Atmosphere, Upper --- Plasma, Solar --- Solar plasma --- Wind, Solar --- Solar activity --- Stellar winds --- Heliosphere (Astrophysics) --- Meteorology, Physical --- Atmospheric science --- Upper atmosphere. --- Solar wind --- Physique de l'atmosphère --- Environnement spatial --- Haute atmosphère --- Vents solaires --- Magnétosphère --- Magnetosphere --- Atmosphere, upper --- Atmospheric physics
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This volume contains a selection of scientific papers which were presented at an international workshop on the impacts of climatic variability held in Wengen, Switzerland, September 1997. For the first time, an assessment is made of the interactions between physical and biological elements of the Earth System on the basis of shifts in extreme climatic conditions, rather than simply changes in mean atmospheric conditions which research has tended to focus on until recently. Natural ecosystems and forests are typical examples of systems which, while constrained within certain ranges of mean climate, can undergo rapid and often irreversible damage in the face of short-lived but intense extreme events.
Climatic changes --- Forests and forestry --- Meteorology & Climatology --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- 630*11 --- 551.586 --- 551.583 --- -Climatic changes --- -Changes, Climatic --- Climate change --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Arboriculture --- Logging --- Timber --- Tree crops --- Trees --- 551.583 Variations of climate. Climatic change --- Variations of climate. Climatic change --- 551.586 Biometeorology. Bioclimatology. Agroclimatoloy --- Biometeorology. Bioclimatology. Agroclimatoloy --- 630*11 Site factors. Climate, situation, soil in forestry. Forest hydrology and meteorology --- Site factors. Climate, situation, soil in forestry. Forest hydrology and meteorology --- Congresses --- Environmental aspects --- -Congresses --- -551.583 Variations of climate. Climatic change --- Changes, Climatic --- Environmental aspects&delete& --- Changes in climate --- Climate change science --- Atmospheric sciences. --- Air pollution. --- Agriculture. --- Forestry. --- Atmospheric Sciences. --- Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution. --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Air --- Air contaminants --- Air pollutants --- Air pollution --- Air pollution control --- Air toxics --- Airborne pollutants --- Atmosphere --- Contaminants, Air --- Control of air pollution --- Pollutants, Air --- Toxics, Air --- Pollution --- Air quality --- Atmospheric deposition --- Atmospheric sciences --- Earth sciences --- Control --- Global environmental change
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The lntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has recently summarized the state ofthe art in research on climate change (Climate Change 1995). The most up to date research findings have been divided into three volumes: • the Science ofClimate Change (working group I), • the Impacts, Adaption and Mitigation of Climate Change (working group II), and • the Economic and Social Dimensions ofClimate Change (working group III) There is a general consensus that a serious change in climate can only be avoided if the future emissions of greenhouse gases are reduced considerably from the business as usual projection and if at the same time the natural sinks for greenhouse gases, in particular that of CO , are maintained at the present level or 2 preferrably increased. Forests, forestry and forestry industry are important parts of the global carbon cycle and therefore they are also part of the mitigation potentials in at least a threefold way: 1. During the time period between 1980 and 1989 there was a net emission of CO from changes in tropical land use (mostly tropical deforestation) of 2 1. 6 +/- 1 GtC/a, but at the same time it was estimated that the forests in the northem hemisphere have taken up 0. 5 +/- 0. 5 GtC/a and additionally other terrestrial sinks (including tropical forests where no clearing took place) have been a carbon sink ofthe order of l. 3 +/- l.
Plant ecology. Plant sociology --- Forestry --- 630*1 --- 630*8 --- 630*9 --- 550.46 --- 551.510.4 --- Carbon dioxide mitigation --- -Forest management --- -#ABIB:abos --- Forest administration --- Forest plants --- Forest resource administration --- Forest resource management --- Forest stewardship --- Forest vegetation management --- Forestry management --- Forests and forestry --- Stewardship, Forest --- Vegetation management, Forest --- Ecosystem management --- Natural resources --- Atmospheric carbon dioxide mitigation --- Mitigation of carbon dioxide --- Pollution prevention --- Environmental factors in forestry. Forest biology --- Forest products and their utilization --- Forests and forestry from the national point of view. Forestry policy. Afforestation policy. Social economics of forestry --- Geochemistry and geochemical action of the hydrosphere and atmosphere --- Composition of the atmosphere. Impurities. Dust --- Congresses --- Environmental aspects --- -Congresses --- Management --- Administration --- Control --- Forest management --- Congresses. --- 551.510.4 Composition of the atmosphere. Impurities. Dust --- 550.46 Geochemistry and geochemical action of the hydrosphere and atmosphere --- 630*9 Forests and forestry from the national point of view. Forestry policy. Afforestation policy. Social economics of forestry --- 630*8 Forest products and their utilization --- 630*1 Environmental factors in forestry. Forest biology --- Carbon dioxide capture --- #ABIB:abos --- Environmental aspects&delete& --- Air pollution. --- Agriculture. --- Forestry. --- Atmospheric sciences. --- Renewable energy resources. --- Environmental economics. --- Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution. --- Atmospheric Sciences. --- Renewable and Green Energy. --- Environmental Economics. --- Economics --- Environmental quality --- Atmospheric sciences --- Earth sciences --- Atmosphere --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Afforestation --- Arboriculture --- Logging --- Timber --- Tree crops --- Trees --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Air --- Air contaminants --- Air pollutants --- Air pollution --- Air pollution control --- Air toxics --- Airborne pollutants --- Contaminants, Air --- Control of air pollution --- Pollutants, Air --- Toxics, Air --- Pollution --- Air quality --- Atmospheric deposition --- Economic aspects
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Lowering the Cost of Emission Reduction by Dr Michael Ridley investigates a novel way to reduce the cost of carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide emission reduction. This book asks whether allowing countries to substitute emission reduction undertaken abroad in lieu of emission reduction at home will reduce the cost of emission reduction and allow more rapid and acute falls in pollution. Analysing US Department of Energy data on US emission reduction projects undertaken in Eastern Europe and Central America, this book explains differences in the cost of emission reduction by method and by country. The book sets out the conditions that would allow a joint implementation system to evolve into a full-blown tradable permits system. Political and practical objections to joint implementation are aired and addressed. This book is targeted at the environmental policy community, government officials, academics, the NGO community, economists and financiers, members of large corporations and museum educators everywhere.
Air--Pollution--Emissions trading --- Atmosphère--Pollution--Échanges des droits d'émission --- Autorisations en matière d'environnement --- Belasting op koolstofuitstoot --- Bourse climatique --- Bourse du dioxyde de carbone --- Carbon taxes --- Certificats de droits à polluer --- Crédits d'émission (Environnement) --- Droits d'émission (Environnement) --- Droits de polluer --- Emissiehandel --- Emissions credit trading --- Emissions right trading --- Emissions trading --- Handel in emissierechten --- Marché de droits à polluer --- Marché des droits de polluer --- Marché des permis de polluer --- Marché des quotas d'émission (Environnement) --- Marché du dioxyde de carbone --- Permis d'émission (Environnement) --- Permis d'émission négociables (Environnement) --- Permis de pollution négociables --- Quotas d'émission (Environnement) --- Quotas environnementaux --- Taxes carbones --- Trading emissions credits --- Échange des droits d'émission (Environnement) --- Échanges des droits d'émission (Environnement) --- Échanges des droits de polluer --- Échanges des permis de pollution --- Échanges des quotas d'émission (Environnement) --- Écopoints --- Émissions négociables (Environnement) --- Air --- Carbon taxes. --- Emissions trading. --- Pollution --- Economic aspects. --- Economic aspects --- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992) --- Environmental management. --- Environmental economics. --- Environmental law. --- Environmental policy. --- Atmospheric sciences. --- Air pollution. --- Environmental Management. --- Environmental Economics. --- Environmental Law/Policy/Ecojustice. --- Atmospheric Sciences. --- Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution. --- Air contaminants --- Air pollutants --- Air pollution --- Air pollution control --- Air toxics --- Airborne pollutants --- Atmosphere --- Contaminants, Air --- Control of air pollution --- Pollutants, Air --- Toxics, Air --- Air quality --- Atmospheric deposition --- Atmospheric sciences --- Earth sciences --- Environment and state --- Environmental control --- Environmental management --- Environmental protection --- Environmental quality --- State and environment --- Environmental auditing --- Environment law --- Environmental policy --- Law --- Sustainable development --- Economics --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Control --- Government policy --- Law and legislation --- Environmental aspects --- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change --- Carbon tax --- Environmental impact charges --- Emissions rights trading --- Marketable permits for carbon dioxide emissions --- Tradeable emission permits --- Carbon offsetting --- Climate Change Convention --- Convention cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques --- FC --- FCCC --- Förenta Nationernas konvention om klimatförändringar --- Förenta Nationernas ramkonvention om klimatförändringar --- Framework Convention on Climate Change --- Kihu Pyŏnhwa e kwanhan Kukche Yŏnhap Kibon Hyŏbyak --- UN Climate Change Convention --- UN-FCCC --- UN Framework Convention on Climate Change --- UNFCCC --- United Nations Framework Convention of Climate Change --- Convention on Climate Change
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