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This paper reviews the performance of Polish health care system from an economic perspective. High on the reform agenda of the government for several years, a new national health insurance system entered into force on 1 January 1999. This reform marked an important shift from a centrally controlled, budget-based system to a decentralised insurance-based system, operating through multiple regional funds and a special fund with nation-wide coverage. The reform is also intended to encourage the development of primary care services and in this context to promote the role of family doctors. However, the new system suffers from certain deficiencies and has not so far attracted active public support. This paper examines some of the efficiency problems, costs issues and equity concerns that remain to be addressed. It presents a series of policy options for further improvement of the system, including ways of enforcing harder budget constraints on health funds and better defining minimum ...
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The Polish tax system has commendable features, in particular a capacity to generate strong revenue on a continuous basis. But it also has a number of less desirable features, which could hamper growth in the future and come under increased criticism both domestically and internationally. The authorities have introduced in 2000 an ambitious tax reform package that addresses some of these weaknesses. The present working paper reviews the main features of the Polish tax system, the forces shaping tax policy, and the recently introduced reforms. It also suggests areas where further reform could be beneficial. One such reform relates to the personal income tax and to social security contributions, which are particularly high in Poland and lead, together with the rigid labour market, to a low employment rate and an oversized underground economy. Secondly, the paper argues that the various tax rates on capital incomes should be unified in order to reduce possible distortions in the ...
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The Polish tax system has commendable features, in particular a capacity to generate strong revenue on a continuous basis. But it also has a number of less desirable features, which could hamper growth in the future and come under increased criticism both domestically and internationally. The authorities have introduced in 2000 an ambitious tax reform package that addresses some of these weaknesses. The present working paper reviews the main features of the Polish tax system, the forces shaping tax policy, and the recently introduced reforms. It also suggests areas where further reform could be beneficial. One such reform relates to the personal income tax and to social security contributions, which are particularly high in Poland and lead, together with the rigid labour market, to a low employment rate and an oversized underground economy. Secondly, the paper argues that the various tax rates on capital incomes should be unified in order to reduce possible distortions in the ...
Article
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This paper reviews the performance of Polish health care system from an economic perspective. High on the reform agenda of the government for several years, a new national health insurance system entered into force on 1 January 1999. This reform marked an important shift from a centrally controlled, budget-based system to a decentralised insurance-based system, operating through multiple regional funds and a special fund with nation-wide coverage. The reform is also intended to encourage the development of primary care services and in this context to promote the role of family doctors. However, the new system suffers from certain deficiencies and has not so far attracted active public support. This paper examines some of the efficiency problems, costs issues and equity concerns that remain to be addressed. It presents a series of policy options for further improvement of the system, including ways of enforcing harder budget constraints on health funds and better defining minimum ...
Book
Year: 2000 Publisher: Warsaw: Government Plenipotentiary for Poland's Accession Negotiations to the European Union,
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Poland --- European Union countries --- Poland
Periodical
Year: 2000 Publisher: Warszawa : Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej
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Military history, Modern --- Poland --- Poland. --- History, Military
Book
ISBN: 8371849494 Year: 2000 Publisher: Warszawa Wiedzy i Zychie
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Book
Year: 2000 Publisher: Wiesbaden
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