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This book collects a number of Martin Shefter's most important articles on political parties. They address three questions: Under what conditions will strong party organizations emerge? What influences the character of parties--in particular, their reliance on patronage? In what circumstances will the parties that formerly dominated politics in a nation or city come under attack? Shefter's work exemplifies the "new institutionalism" in political science, arguing that the reliance of parties on patronage is a function not so much of mass political culture as of their relationship with public bureaucracies. The book's opening chapters analyze the circumstances conducive to the emergence of strong political parties and the changing balance between parties and bureaucracies in Europe and America. The middle chapters discuss the organization and exclusion of the American working classes by machine and reform regimes. The book concludes by examining party organizations as instruments of political control in the largest American city, New York.

Politics, Practical --- Political parties --- Electoral politics --- Mass political behavior --- Political behavior --- Politics --- Practical politics --- Political science --- Political participation --- History. --- United States --- Politics and government. --- Government --- History, Political

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Political campaigns --- Campaigns, Election --- Campaigns, Political --- Election campaigns --- Electioneering --- Electoral politics --- Negative campaigns --- Politics, Practical --- Elections --- Rome --- Politics and government. --- Rim --- Roman Empire --- Roman Republic (510-30 B.C.) --- Romi (Empire) --- Byzantine Empire --- Rome (Italy) --- Politics and government

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This work continues the series of election data handbooks published by OUP. It presents a compendium of electoral data for all the 62 states in Asia, Australia and Oceania from their independence to the beginning of the 21st century.

Elections --- Representative government and representation --- Asia --- Politics and government. --- Parliamentary government --- Political representation --- Representation --- Self-government --- Constitutional history --- Constitutional law --- Political science --- Democracy --- Republics --- Suffrage --- Electoral politics --- Franchise --- Polls --- Politics, Practical --- Plebiscite --- Political campaigns

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Polarization in Western democracies and the collapse of centrally planned economies have led to calls for a redefinition of the state's core functions. This volume explores shifting conceptions of constitutional political economy anchoring the state from the viewpoints of theory, systems, and applications. It suggests why changes may be desirable and how these might be implemented. Part I addresses the writing of constitutions, the dynamic between constitutional order and civil society, the struggle between competitive and protectionist interests, the conflict between protecting expectations and moral evolution, and the role of cultural explanations of constitutional development patterns. Part II explores the interplay between electoral systems and constitutional engineering, the internal costs of political coalitions, and campaigns in pluralistic elections. Part III investigates the quest for stable, dynamic federal states with particular attention to opportunities and pitfalls in Europe. With a foreword and contributions from Nobel Laureate James M. Buchanan.

Constitutional law --- Economics --- Elections --- Political aspects --- Business, Economy and Management --- Electoral politics --- Franchise --- Polls --- Political science --- Politics, Practical --- Plebiscite --- Political campaigns --- Representative government and representation --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man

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Elections --- Local elections --- Voting --- Elections locales --- Vote --- Statistics. --- Statistiques --- -Local elections --- -Voting --- -Polls --- Politics, Practical --- Social choice --- Suffrage --- County elections --- Elections, County --- Elections, Local --- Elections, Municipal --- Municipal elections --- Election law --- Electoral politics --- Franchise --- Polls --- Political science --- Plebiscite --- Political campaigns --- Representative government and representation --- Law and legislation --- -Elections --- Voter turnout --- Election turnout --- Turnout (Voting) --- Voting turnout