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Les forêts tropicales, dont le rôle écologique est unanimement reconnu, subissent actuellement une dégradation massive et un bouleversement radical des modes de vie de leurs habitants. Ces milieux tropicaux ont été l’objet d’occupations humaines parfois très anciennes, donnant lieu en plusieurs régions du globe à des développements socioculturels complexes, témoignant d’adaptations durables. L’analyse sur le temps long des interactions entre les sociétés et leurs environnements tropicaux forestiers témoigne cependant de l’existence de périodes de crises et de ruptures dans l’histoire ancienne du peuplement. Issues d’une large palette de disciplines, les contributions réunies dans cet ouvrage présentent l’état des connaissances sur l’occupation des différentes régions tropicales et précisent l’importance relative des facteurs historiques et culturels par rapport aux déterminants écologiques dans cette histoire.

Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Forestry --- végétation --- paléoenvironnement --- forêt --- déforestation --- anthropisation --- paysages végétaux --- peuplement --- paléoclimat --- agroforesterie --- paléontologie

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Forêt tropicale humide --- Tropical rain forests --- Déboisement --- Deforestation --- Brûlage --- Burning --- Culture itinérante --- Shifting cultivation --- Riz pluvial --- Upland rice --- Environnement socioéconomique --- socioeconomic environment --- History --- Impact sur l'environnement --- Environmental impact --- Madagascar --- MAA Malagasy Archipelago --- deforestation --- agricultural systems --- agriculture --- burning

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Panicum --- Rainfed farming --- Vigna unguiculata --- fallow --- soil fertility --- Deforestation --- Desertification. --- Desertification --- Yields --- Productivity --- Fertilizer application --- organic matter --- agroforestry --- Mixed farming --- Diversification --- socioeconomic environment --- Agricultural policies --- Niger

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Clearing of land --- Deforestation --- Forests and forestry --- History. --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Arboriculture --- Logging --- Timber --- Tree crops --- Trees --- Conversion, Forest --- Depletion of forests --- Disforestation --- Forest conversion --- Forest depletion --- Forest-land conversion --- Forest fires --- Plants --- Land clearing --- Reclamation of land --- History --- Extinction

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Essays by historians and practioners on how invention can benefit the environment.This ambitious book describes the many ways in which invention affects the environment (here defined broadly to include all forms of interaction between humans and nature). The book starts with nature itself and then leads readers to examine the built environment and then specific technologies in areas such as public health and energy.Each part focuses on a single environmental issue. Topics range widely, from the role of innovation in urban landscapes to the relationship among technological innovation, public health, and the environment. Each part features an essay by a historian, an essay by a practitioner, and a "portrait of innovation" describing an individual whose work has made a difference. The mixture of historians and practitioners is critical because statements about the environment inevitably measure present and future conditions against those of the past. Early in the industrial revolution, smoke stacks were symbols of prosperity; at its end they were regarded as signs of pollution. Historical examples can also lead to the rediscovery of an old technology, as in the revival of straw bale construction. As it explores the history of invention for the environment, the book suggests many new ways to put the past to use for the common good.

Technological innovations --- Technology --- Ecology. --- Environment. --- Technology. --- Conservation of Natural Resources. --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Technology - General --- Environmental aspects. --- Environmental Science --- Bionomics --- Ecologies --- Environmental Sciences --- Science, Environmental --- Sciences, Environmental --- Carrying Capacity --- Deforestation --- Desertification --- Environmental Protection --- Natural Resources Conservation --- Protection, Environmental --- Sustainable Development --- Capacities, Carrying --- Capacity, Carrying --- Carrying Capacities --- Conservation, Natural Resources --- Development, Sustainable --- Arts, Industrial --- Industrial Arts --- Environmental Impact --- Environmental Impacts --- Impact, Environmental --- Impacts, Environmental --- Environments --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Ecology --- Environmental Psychology --- Conservation of Natural Resources --- Environmental Health --- Ecosystem --- Natural Resources --- Cloud Computing --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY/General --- ENVIRONMENT/General --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology