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Why women evolved to have orgasms--when most of their primate relatives don't--is a persistent mystery among evolutionary biologists. In pursuing this mystery, Elisabeth Lloyd arrives at another: How could anything as inadequate as the evolutionary explanations of the female orgasm have passed muster as science? A judicious and revealing look at all twenty evolutionary accounts of the trait of human female orgasm, Lloyd's book is at the same time a case study of how certain biases steer science astray. Over the past fifteen years, the effect of sexist or male-centered approaches to science has been hotly debated. Drawing especially on data from nonhuman primates and human sexology over eighty years, Lloyd shows what damage such bias does in the study of female orgasm. She also exposes a second pernicious form of bias that permeates the literature on female orgasms: a bias toward adaptationism. Here Lloyd's critique comes alive, demonstrating how most of the evolutionary accounts either are in conflict with, or lack, certain types of evidence necessary to make their cases--how they simply assume that female orgasm must exist because it helped females in the past reproduce. As she weighs the evidence, Lloyd takes on nearly everyone who has written on the subject: evolutionists, animal behaviorists, and feminists alike. Her clearly and cogently written book is at once a convincing case study of bias in science and a sweeping summary and analysis of what is known about the evolution of the intriguing trait of female orgasm.
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Les sociétés humaines partagent certaines caractéristiques comportementales qui constituent un patrimoine commun à l'ensemble de l'espèce, malgré la diversité des cultures. Ces particularités immuables, intimement liées à notre passé évolutif et, de ce fait, propres à notre structure fondamentale, concernent plus particulièrement la sexualité. Ce livre donne une présentation analytique de quelques universaux humains fondamentaux après les avoir replacés dans un contexte éthologique et évolutionniste.
Sex. --- Human evolution. --- Sexualité --- Homme --- Evolution
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Fossil hominids. --- Human evolution. --- Prehistoric peoples.
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This volume, published in honor of the occasion of David Pilbeam's 65th birthday, covers major topics in human, primate, and mammalian evolution, mostly from the Miocene to the present. The papers emphasize novel interpretations of several key areas of longstanding interest and importance, including Miocene biogeography and hominoid evolution, the origins of hominids, and new interpretations of the hominid fossil record. In terms of content, most of the papers tackle key issues in the evolution of hominoids and hominids in terms of systematic paleoenvironmental and behavioral questions. More broadly, however, the papers explore the epistemological problems of how one interprets the past from the available data.
Biological Evolution --- Human evolution --- Mammals --- Primates --- Evolution
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Human evolution. --- Human evolution --- Evolution (Biology) --- Physical anthropology --- Evolutionary psychology --- Human beings --- Origin
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Fossil hominids --- Human evolution --- Homme fossile --- Homme --- Evolution --- Acqui 2006
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New discoveries reveal how crucial interactions which determine our destiny occur before birth, when our genes interact with their environment as the embryo and fetus develop. These processes - in the matrix of the womb - are evolutionary echoes of mechanisms which allowed our hunter-gatherer ancestors to survive. These exciting insights into predictive adaptive responses suggest new ways of protecting the health of the fetus, infant and adult. If inappropriate they can trigger obesity, diabetes and heart disease, formerly thought to result solely from adult lifestyle. The new concepts in this book are crucial to understanding the daunting public health burden in societies undergoing rapid transition from poverty to affluence. They add an important new dimension to evolutionary theory. Synthesising developmental biology, evolutionary history, medical science, public health and social policy, this is a ground-breaking and fascinating account by two of the world's leading pioneers in this important emerging field.
Developmental biology. --- Embryology, Human. --- Human evolution. --- Medicine, Preventive. --- Medical genetics.
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Human evolution. --- Africa --- Africa --- Africa --- Africa --- Antiquities. --- Civilization. --- History. --- Relations
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Linguistics --- Evolution. Phylogeny --- Human genetics --- Biolinguistics. --- Genetics. --- Human evolution. --- Language and languages --- Origin.
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