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This book explains how the immune system functions, namely, how individual cells of the immune system make the decision to respond or not to respond to foreign microbes and molecules, and how the critical molecules function to trigger the cellular reactions in an all-or-none (quantal) manner. To date, there has not been a complete description of the immune system and its cells and molecules, primarily because most of the information has accumulated only in the last 40 years and our understanding has been expanding rapidly only in the last 20 years. It is now clear that the cells have evolved a

Immune response. --- Interleukin-2. --- T cells.

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genetics --- Layer chickens --- Egg production --- immunity --- Animal behaviour --- Animal breeding --- Heritability --- Immune response --- Genetic polymorphism --- Selection criteria --- Laying performance

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Immunology. Immunopathology --- Cellular immunity --- Molecular immunology --- Inmunidad celular --- Immunity, Cellular. --- Antibody Formation --- Antigens --- Immune System Diseases --- Lymphocytes --- Immunité cellulaire --- Immunologie moléculaire --- Desenvolvimento animal. --- Diagnóstico pré-natal (veterinária) --- Doenças fetais (veterinária) --- Doenças genéticas (veterinária) --- Doenças hereditárias (veterinária) --- Doenças neonatais e anormalidades (veterinária) --- Equinos. --- Potros. --- Prenhez. --- Técnicas de diagnóstico animal. --- immunology --- Cellular Immune Response --- Cell-Mediated Immunity --- Cell Mediated Immunity --- Cell-Mediated Immunities --- Cellular Immune Responses --- Cellular Immunities --- Cellular Immunity --- Immune Response, Cellular --- Immune Responses, Cellular --- Immunities, Cell-Mediated --- Immunities, Cellular --- Immunity, Cell-Mediated --- Response, Cellular Immune --- Lymphokines --- T-Lymphocytes --- Interleukin-12 --- immunology. --- Immunity, Cellular --- Immune system --- Immunity --- Immunology --- Molecular biology --- Cell-mediated immunity --- Cellular immunology --- Clonal selection theory --- Immune response --- Molecular aspects

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will follow.

Immune response -- Molecular aspects. --- Synapses. --- T cells. --- Immune response --- Synapses --- T cells --- T-Lymphocytes --- Immunological Synapses --- Metabolism --- Metabolic Phenomena --- Intercellular Junctions --- Lymphocytes --- Immune System --- Hemic and Immune Systems --- Cell Membrane Structures --- Leukocytes, Mononuclear --- Phenomena and Processes --- Leukocytes --- Cell Membrane --- Anatomy --- Blood Cells --- Cellular Structures --- Cells --- Blood --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Molecular aspects --- Molecular aspects. --- T lymphocytes --- Thymus-dependent cells --- Thymus-dependent lymphocytes --- Thymus-derived cells --- Medicine. --- Immunology. --- Biomedicine. --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Nerve endings --- Nerves --- Neural circuitry --- Neural transmission --- Synaptosomes --- Molecular immunology

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Extracellular purines and pyrimidines (ATP, ADP, UTP and adenosine) are released into the extracellular milieu in response to a variety of stress conditions and act as important regulators of vascular homeostasis. This new book is uniquely focused on the signaling actions of extracellular purines in endothelial cells and the crucial role of extracellular purines in regulation of angiogenesis, vascular tone, cell permeability, wound healing, inflammation and cell-to-cell communication. This book examines the responses of endothelial cells, originating from various tissues (such as cornea, pancreas and uterus), to extracellular nucleotides and adenosine under physiological and pathological conditions, i.e. pregnancy, hypoxia, hypertension, inflammation and diabetes. In the book’s 12 chapters, the role of purinergic signaling in endothelium-dependent tissue perfusion, regulation of endothelial barrier function, and angiogenesis are discussed. The mechanisms of ATP release and its role in intercellular communication are also presented. In addition, the book provides the most up to date mechanisms of extracellular nucleotide metabolism by purine-converting ecto-enzymes and their contribution to purinergic signaling in endothelial cells originating from various vascular beds. This book is a valuable resource for biomedical research scientists, clinical scientists, graduate students and health science professionals interested in the mechanisms of extracellular purine function in endothelial cells under physiologic and pathologic conditions.

Adenosine triphosphate -- Physiological effect. --- Endothelins. --- Extracellular enzymes. --- Adenosine triphosphate --- Extracellular enzymes --- Endothelins --- Adenosine Triphosphate --- Endothelial Cells --- Cell Communication --- Physiology --- Adenine Nucleotides --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Epithelial Cells --- Cell Physiological Processes --- Purine Nucleotides --- Ribonucleotides --- Cell Physiological Phenomena --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Cells --- Nucleotides --- Anatomy --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Purines --- Phenomena and Processes --- Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides --- Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Heterocyclic Compounds --- Animal Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Biology --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Physiological effect --- Physiological effect. --- Endothelium-dependent contracting factors --- Endothelium-derived contracting factors --- Ectoenzymes --- Exocellular enzymes --- Exoenzymes --- Adenosinetriphosphate --- Adenosinetriphosphoric acid --- Adenylpyrophosphate --- ATP (Biochemistry) --- Medicine. --- Molecular biology. --- Medical biochemistry. --- Pathology. --- Cytokines. --- Growth factors. --- Cell physiology. --- Biomedicine. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Medical Biochemistry. --- Cytokines and Growth Factors. --- Cell Physiology. --- Biomedicine general. --- Peptides --- Vasoconstrictors --- Vascular endothelium --- Enzymes --- Adenine nucleotides --- Phosphates --- Biochemistry. --- Disease (Pathology) --- Medical sciences --- Diseases --- Medicine --- Medicine, Preventive --- Cell function --- Cytology --- Cellular immunity --- Immune response --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Regulation --- Composition --- Biomedicine, general. --- Health Workforce --- Cell growth factors --- Cellular growth factors --- Growth peptides --- Growth promoting substances --- Growth substances --- Peptide growth factors --- Peptide regulatory factors --- Polypeptide growth factors --- Cytokines --- Medical biochemistry --- Pathobiochemistry --- Pathological biochemistry --- Biochemistry --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology