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MULTICORE SYSTEMS ON-CHIP
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ISBN: 9491216333 Year: 2010 Publisher: Paris : Atlantis Press : Imprint: Atlantis Press,

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Conventional on-chip communication design mostly use ad-hoc approaches that fail to meet the challenges posed by the next-generation MultiCore Systems on-chip (MCSoC) designs. These major challenges include wiring delay, predictability, diverse interconnection architectures, and power dissipation. A Network-on-Chip (NoC) paradigm is emerging as the solution for the problems of interconnecting dozens of cores into a single system on-chip. However, there are many problems associated with the design of such systems. These problems arise from non-scalable global wire delays, failure to achieve global synchronization, and difficulties associated with non-scalable bus-based functional interconnects. The book consists of three parts, with each part being subdivided into four chapters. The first part deals with design and methodology issues. The architectures used in conventional methods of MCSoCs design and custom multiprocessor architectures are not flexible enough to meet the requirements of different application domains and not scalable enough to meet different computation needs and different complexities of various applications. Several chapters of the first part will emphasize on the design techniques and methodologies. The second part covers the most critical part of MCSoCs design — the interconnections. One approach to addressing the design methodologies is to adopt the so-called reusability feature to boost design productivity. In the past years, the primitive design units evolved from transistors to gates, finite state machines, and processor cores. The network-on-chip paradigm offers this attractive property for the future and will be able to close the productivity gap. The last part of this book delves into MCSoCs validations and optimizations. A more qualitative approach of system validation is based on the use of formal techniques for hardware design. The main advantage of formal methods is the possibility to prove the validity of essential design requirements. As formal languages have a mathematical foundation, it is possible to formally extract and verify these desired properties of the complete abstract state space. Online testing techniques for identifying faults that can lead to system failure are also surveyed. Emphasis is given to analytical redundancy-based techniques that have been developed for fault detection and isolation in the automatic control area.


Book
SD card projects using the PIC microcontroller
Author:
ISBN: 9781856177191 185617719X 9786612541360 1282541366 0080961266 9780080961262 Year: 2010 Publisher: Amsterdam ; Boston : Elsevier/Newnes,

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PIC Microcontrollers are a favorite in industry and with hobbyists. These microcontrollers are versatile, simple, and low cost making them perfect for many different applications. The 8-bit PIC is widely used in consumer electronic goods, office automation, and personal projects. Author, Dogan Ibrahim, author of several PIC books has now written a book using the PIC18 family of microcontrollers to create projects with SD cards. This book is ideal for those practicing engineers, advanced students, and PIC enthusiasts that want to incorporate SD Cards into their devices. SD cards are che


Book
Emerging Technologies and Circuits
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 9048193788 9786613002709 9048193796 1283002701 Year: 2010 Publisher: Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands : Imprint: Springer,

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With the semiconductor market growth, new Integrated Circuit designs are pushing the limit of the technology and in some cases, require specific fine-tuning of certain process modules in manufacturing. Thus the communities of design and technology are increasingly intertwined. The issues that require close interactions and collaboration for trade-off and optimization across the design/device/process fields are addressed in Emerging Technologies and Circuits. It contains a set of outstanding papers, keynote and tutorials presented during 3 days at the International Conference On Integrated Circuit Design and Technology (ICICDT) held in June 2008 in Minatec, Grenoble. The selected papers are spread over 5 chapters covering various aspects of emerging technologies and devices, advanced circuit design, reliability, variability issues and solutions, advanced memories and analog and mixed signals. All these papers are focusing on design and technology interactions and comply with the scope of the conference.


Book
Smart products, smarter services : strategies for embedded control
Author:
ISBN: 1107204968 0511849222 1282818708 9786612818707 0511761929 0511917511 0511916531 0511918496 0511914725 0511912927 9780511918490 9780511914720 9780511761928 9780521195195 9780521147507 0521195195 0521147506 Year: 2010 Publisher: Cambridge : Cambridge University Press,

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We are surrounded by products that have minds of their own. Computing power, in the form of microcontrollers, microprocessors, sensors, and data storage chips, has become so cheap that manufacturers are building connectivity and embedded intelligence into all types of consumer goods. These 'smart products' are fundamentally changing both the competitive landscape for business and the daily lives of consumers. This book analyzes the evolution of smart products to help managers understand the impact of embedded product intelligence on corporate strategy, consumer value, and industry competition. It describes four different ecosystem strategies for designing and launching smart products: the control-focused Hegemon, the standards-focused Federator, the high growth and brand-focused Charismatic Leader, and the disruptive industry Transformer. This ecosystem model is then applied to smart products in the automotive, wireless, energy, residential, and health industries. The book concludes with recommendations for successfully managing smart products and services.


Book
Inside NAND Flash Memories
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 9400798342 904819430X 9048194318 Year: 2010 Publisher: Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands : Imprint: Springer,

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Digital photography, MP3, digital video, etc. make extensive use of NAND-based Flash cards as storage media. To realize how much NAND Flash memories pervade every aspect of our life, just imagine how our recent habits would change if the NAND memories suddenly disappeared. To take a picture it would be necessary to find a film (as well as a traditional camera…), disks or even magnetic tapes would be used to record a video or to listen a song, and a cellular phone would return to be a simple mean of communication rather than a multimedia console. The development of NAND Flash memories will not be set down on the mere evolution of personal entertainment systems since a new killer application can trigger a further success: the replacement of Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) with Solid State Drives (SSDs). SSD is made up by a microcontroller and several NANDs. As NAND is the technology driver for IC circuits, Flash designers and technologists have to deal with a lot of challenges. Therefore, SSD (system) developers must understand Flash technology in order to exploit its benefits and countermeasure its weaknesses. Inside NAND Flash Memories is a comprehensive guide of the NAND world: from circuits design (analog and digital) to Flash reliability (including radiation effects), from testing issues to high-performance (DDR) interface, from error correction codes to NAND applications like Flash cards and SSDs.

Keywords

Flash memories (Computers). --- Computer storage devices --- Flash memories (Computers) --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Electrical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Computer storage devices. --- Computer memory systems --- Computers --- Electronic digital computers --- Storage devices, Computer --- Memory systems --- Storage devices --- Engineering. --- Mass spectrometry. --- Condensed matter. --- Solid state physics. --- Spectroscopy. --- Microscopy. --- Electronic circuits. --- Circuits and Systems. --- Mass Spectrometry. --- Condensed Matter Physics. --- Solid State Physics. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Computer input-output equipment --- Memory management (Computer science) --- Systems engineering. --- Mass spectra --- Mass spectrograph --- Mass spectroscopy --- Mass spectrum analysis --- Mass (Physics) --- Nuclear spectroscopy --- Spectrum analysis --- Engineering systems --- System engineering --- Engineering --- Industrial engineering --- System analysis --- Design and construction --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Optics --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectrometry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Physics --- Solids --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Liquids --- Matter --- Electron-tube circuits --- Electric circuits --- Electron tubes --- Electronics --- Qualitative --- Analytical chemistry


Book
CMOS Processors and Memories
Author:
ISBN: 9048192153 9048192161 Year: 2010 Publisher: Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands : Imprint: Springer,

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CMOS Processors and Memories addresses the-state-of-the-art in integrated circuit design in the context of emerging computing systems. New design opportunities in memories and processor are discussed. Emerging materials that can take system performance beyond standard CMOS, like carbon nanotubes, graphene, ferroelectrics and tunnel junctions are explored. CMOS Processors and Memories is divided into two parts: processors and memories. In the first part we start with high performance, low power processor design, followed by a chapter on multi-core processing. They both represent state-of-the-art concepts in current computing industry. The third chapter deals with asynchronous design that still carries lots of promise for future computing needs. At the end we present a “hardware design space exploration” methodology for implementing and analyzing the hardware for the Bayesian inference framework. This particular methodology involves: analyzing the computational cost and exploring candidate hardware components, proposing various custom architectures using both traditional CMOS and hybrid nanotechnology CMOL. The first part concludes with hybrid CMOS-Nano architectures. The second, memory part covers state-of-the-art SRAM, DRAM, and flash memories as well as emerging device concepts. Semiconductor memory is a good example of the full custom design that applies various analog and logic circuits to utilize the memory cell’s device physics. Critical physical effects that include tunneling, hot electron injection, charge trapping (Flash memory) are discussed in detail. Emerging memories like FRAM, PRAM and ReRAM that depend on magnetization, electron spin alignment, ferroelectric effect, built-in potential well, quantum effects, and thermal melting are also described. CMOS Processors and Memories is a must for anyone serious about circuit design for future computing technologies. The book is written by top notch international experts in industry and academia. It can be used in graduate course curriculum.

Keywords

Metal oxide semiconductors, Complementary -- Design. --- Random access memory. --- Semiconductor storage devices. --- Metal oxide semiconductors, Complementary --- Random access memory --- Semiconductor storage devices --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Electrical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Design and construction --- Metal oxide semiconductors, Complementary. --- Computers. --- Computer storage devices. --- Computer memory systems --- Computers --- Electronic digital computers --- Storage devices, Computer --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic brains --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- CMOS (Electronics) --- Complementary metal oxide semiconductors --- Semiconductors, Complementary metal oxide --- Memory systems --- Storage devices --- Engineering. --- Solid state physics. --- Nanotechnology. --- Electronic circuits. --- Circuits and Systems. --- Solid State Physics. --- Nanotechnology and Microengineering. --- Electron-tube circuits --- Electric circuits --- Electron tubes --- Electronics --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Physics --- Solids --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Computer input-output equipment --- Memory management (Computer science) --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Machine theory --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Digital electronics --- Logic circuits --- Transistor-transistor logic circuits --- Systems engineering. --- Engineering systems --- System engineering --- Engineering --- Industrial engineering --- System analysis


Book
Two-dimensional information theory and coding : with application to graphics and high-density storage media
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9780511840562 9780521888608 9780511639227 0511639228 0521888603 9780511641664 0511641664 051184056X 1107211794 0511638159 0511640307 Year: 2010 Publisher: Cambridge : Cambridge University Press,

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This complete introduction to two-dimensional (2-D) information theory and coding provides the key techniques for modeling data and estimating their information content. Throughout, special emphasis is placed on applications to transmission, storage, compression, and error protection of graphic information. The book begins with a self-contained introduction to information theory, including concepts of entropy and channel capacity, which requires minimal mathematical background knowledge. It then introduces error-correcting codes, particularly Reed-Solomon codes, the basic methods for error-correction, and codes applicable to data organized in 2-D arrays. Common techniques for data compression, including compression of 2-D data based on application of the basic source coding, are also covered, together with an advanced chapter dedicated to 2-D constrained coding for storage applications. Numerous worked examples illustrate the theory, whilst end-of-chapter exercises test the reader's understanding, making this an ideal book for graduate students and also for practitioners in the telecommunications and data storage industries.

Keywords

Coding theory. --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Bipartite graphs. --- Computer storage devices --- Computer graphics --- Information visualization. --- Binary system (Mathematics) --- Base two numeration --- Binary-quaternary system --- Binary scale --- Numeration, Base two --- Pair system --- Computer arithmetic --- Mathematics --- Numeration --- Data visualization --- Visualization of information --- Information science --- Visual analytics --- Computer memory systems --- Computers --- Electronic digital computers --- Storage devices, Computer --- Computer input-output equipment --- Memory management (Computer science) --- Graph theory --- Automatic data storage --- Automatic information retrieval --- Automation in documentation --- Computer-based information systems --- Data processing systems --- Data storage and retrieval systems --- Discovery systems, Information --- Information discovery systems --- Information processing systems --- Information retrieval systems --- Machine data storage and retrieval --- Mechanized information storage and retrieval systems --- Computer systems --- Electronic information resources --- Data libraries --- Digital libraries --- Information organization --- Information retrieval --- Data compression (Telecommunication) --- Digital electronics --- Information theory --- Machine theory --- Signal theory (Telecommunication) --- Computer programming --- Mathematics. --- Mathematical models. --- Memory systems --- Storage devices --- Data centers


Book
Hardware Based Packet Classification for High Speed Internet Routers
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 148999954X 1441966994 9786612981845 1282981846 1441967001 Year: 2010 Publisher: New York, NY : Springer US : Imprint: Springer,

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Packet classification is the core component of routers, firewalls and other networking devices that enables many networking services such as packet filtering and traffic accounting. Using Ternary Content Addressable Memories (TCAMs) to perform high-speed packet classification has become the standard in industry today. While we can expect some gain in TCAM performance from improved hardware, the demands on TCAM performance (measured by the number of rules in packet classifiers) increase far more rapidly due to the explosive growth of internet services and threats. Hardware Based Packet Classification for High Speed Internet Routers presents the most recent developments in hardware based packet classification algorithms and architectures. This book describes five methods which reduce the space that classifiers occupy within TCAMs; TCAM Razor, All-Match Redundancy Removal, Bit Weaving, Sequential Decomposition, and Topological Transformations. These methods demonstrate that in most cases a substantial reduction of space is achieved. Case studies and examples are provided throughout this book. About this book: • Presents the only book in the market that exclusively covers hardware based packet classification algorithms and architectures. • Describes five methods which reduce the space that classifiers occupy within TCAMs: TCAM Razor, All-Match Redundancy Removal, Bit Weaving, Sequential Decomposition, and Topological Transformations. • Provides case studies and examples throughout. Hardware Based Packet Classification for High Speed Internet Routers is designed for professionals and researchers who work within the related field of router design. Advanced-level students concentrating on computer science and electrical engineering will also find this book valuable as a text or reference book.

Keywords

Computer network protocols. --- Computer networks. --- Packet switching (Data transmission). --- Routers (Computer networks) --- Packet switching (Data transmission) --- Computer network protocols --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Telecommunications --- Electrical Engineering --- Network routers --- Engineering. --- Computer hardware. --- Computer memory systems. --- Computer communication systems. --- Special purpose computers. --- Electrical engineering. --- Communications Engineering, Networks. --- Computer Communication Networks. --- Signal, Image and Speech Processing. --- Computer Hardware. --- Memory Structures. --- Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems. --- Routing (Computer network management) --- Equipment and supplies --- Telecommunication. --- Memory management (Computer scie. --- Software engineering. --- Computer software engineering --- Engineering --- Electric communication --- Mass communication --- Telecom --- Telecommunication industry --- Communication --- Information theory --- Telecommuting --- Signal processing. --- Image processing. --- Speech processing systems. --- Special purpose computers --- Computers --- Computer memory systems --- Electronic digital computers --- Storage devices, Computer --- Computer input-output equipment --- Memory management (Computer science) --- Computational linguistics --- Electronic systems --- Modulation theory --- Oral communication --- Speech --- Telecommunication --- Singing voice synthesizers --- Pictorial data processing --- Picture processing --- Processing, Image --- Imaging systems --- Optical data processing --- Processing, Signal --- Information measurement --- Signal theory (Telecommunication) --- Communication systems, Computer --- Computer communication systems --- Data networks, Computer --- ECNs (Electronic communication networks) --- Electronic communication networks --- Networks, Computer --- Teleprocessing networks --- Data transmission systems --- Digital communications --- Information networks --- Cyberinfrastructure --- Electronic data processing --- Network computers --- Electric engineering --- Memory systems --- Storage devices --- Distributed processing

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