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Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are known to play an important role in gene expression regulation. Owing to their ever-increasing implications in the control of various biological and pathological processes, miRNAs have now been considered novel biomarkers of various human diseases including, cancer, viral disease, cardiovascular disorders, metabolic disturbances, etc. Unique expression profiles have been associated with specific pathological states. Cardiovascular disease is among the main causes of mortality in developed countries. The pathological process of the heart is associated with altered express

RNA. --- Cardiovascular system --- Diseases.

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MicroRNAs constitute a particularly important class of small RNAs given their abundance, broad phylogenetic conservation and strong regulatory effects, with plant miRNAs uniquely divulging their ancient evolutionary origins and their strong post-transcriptional regulatory effects. In Plant MicroRNAs: Methods and Protocols, experts in the field present chapters that focus on the identification, validation, and characterization of the miRNA class of RNAs, and address important aspects about heterochromatic small interfering RNAs. In addition, the methods contained in this volume emphasize miRNA analyses, but also include ways to distinguish one class of small RNAs from another. As a volume in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series, chapters include brief introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easy to use, Plant MicroRNAs: Methods and Protocols provides the research community with a set of protocols that will help advance vital miRNA research for all plant species, both in typical model species and non-model species alike.

Micrornas --- Molecular biology --- Plant molecular genetics --- Plants --- Rna, small interfering --- Small interfering rna. --- Methods --- Research --- Methodology. --- Genetics --- Small interfering RNA --- Petits ARN interférents --- RNA, Small Interfering --- MicroRNAs --- RNA, Antisense --- RNA, Small Untranslated --- Antisense Elements (Genetics) --- RNA, Untranslated --- Petits ARN interférents --- Noncoding RNA --- RNA, Non-Coding --- RNA, Non-Peptide-Coding --- RNA, Non-Protein-Coding --- RNA, Noncoding --- RNA, Nontranslated --- npcRNA --- Non-Coding RNA --- Non-Peptide-Coding RNA --- Non-Protein-Coding RNA --- Nontranslated RNA --- RNA, Non Coding --- RNA, Non Peptide Coding --- RNA, Non Protein Coding --- Untranslated RNA --- Anti-Sense Elements --- Anti-Sense Probes --- Antisense Probes --- Anti Sense Elements --- Anti Sense Probes --- Elements, Anti-Sense --- Probes, Anti-Sense --- Probes, Antisense --- Short Noncoding RNA --- Small Non-Coding RNA --- Small Non-Messenger RNA --- Small Non-Protein-Coding RNA --- Small Noncoding RNA --- Small Untranslated RNA --- sncRNA --- sncRNAs --- Non-Coding RNA, Small --- Non-Messenger RNA, Small --- Non-Protein-Coding RNA, Small --- Noncoding RNA, Short --- Noncoding RNA, Small --- RNA, Short Noncoding --- RNA, Small Non-Coding --- RNA, Small Non-Messenger --- RNA, Small Non-Protein-Coding --- RNA, Small Noncoding --- Small Non Coding RNA --- Small Non Messenger RNA --- Small Non Protein Coding RNA --- Untranslated RNA, Small --- Anti-Sense RNA --- Antisense RNA --- Anti Sense RNA --- RNA, Anti-Sense --- Plant --- Micro RNA --- MicroRNA --- Primary MicroRNA --- Primary miRNA --- miRNAs --- pre-miRNA --- pri-miRNA --- RNA, Small Temporal --- Small Temporal RNA --- miRNA --- stRNA --- MicroRNA, Primary --- RNA, Micro --- Temporal RNA, Small --- miRNA, Primary --- pre miRNA --- pri miRNA --- Methodological Studies --- Methodological Study --- Studies, Methodological --- Study, Methodological --- Method --- Short Hairpin RNA --- Short Interfering RNA --- Small Hairpin RNA --- Small Interfering RNA --- piRNA --- scnRNA --- shRNA --- tasiRNA --- Piwi-Interacting RNA --- RNA, Piwi-Interacting --- RNA, Scan --- Repeat-Associated siRNA --- Scan RNA --- Small Scan RNA --- Trans-Acting siRNA --- siRNA --- siRNA, Repeat-Associated --- siRNA, Trans-Acting --- Hairpin RNA, Short --- Hairpin RNA, Small --- Interfering RNA, Short --- Interfering RNA, Small --- Piwi Interacting RNA --- RNA, Piwi Interacting --- RNA, Short Hairpin --- RNA, Short Interfering --- RNA, Small Hairpin --- RNA, Small Scan --- Repeat Associated siRNA --- Scan RNA, Small --- Trans Acting siRNA --- siRNA, Repeat Associated --- siRNA, Trans Acting --- piRNA (Piwi-interacting RNA) --- Piwi-interacting RNA --- Piwi protein-interacting RNA --- rasiRNA (Repeat-associated small interfering RNA) --- Repeat-associated siRNA --- Repeat-associated small interfering RNA --- scnRNA (Small scan RNA) --- Short hairpin RNA --- Short interfering RNA --- shRNA (Short hairpin RNA) --- siRNA (Small interfering RNA) --- Small hairpin RNA --- Small scan RNA --- tasiRNA (Trans-acting small interfering RNA) --- Trans-acting siRNA --- Trans-acting small interfering RNA --- Methodology --- Biochemistry. --- Botany. --- Plant genetics. --- Medical genetics. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Plant Sciences. --- Plant Genetics and Genomics. --- Gene Function. --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Biology --- Natural history --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Clinical genetics --- Diseases --- Heredity of disease --- Human genetics --- Pathology --- Genetic disorders --- Composition --- Genetic aspects --- Floristic botany

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RNA --- RNA. --- Ribonucleic acid --- Ribose nucleic acid --- Nucleic acids --- Ribose --- Animal Biochemistry --- Molecular Biology. --- Gene Products, RNA --- Non-Polyadenylated RNA --- RNA, Non-Polyadenylated --- Ribonucleic Acid --- Acid, Ribonucleic --- Non Polyadenylated RNA --- RNA Gene Products --- RNA, Non Polyadenylated --- Biopolymers --- Biochemical Genetics --- Biology, Molecular --- Genetics, Biochemical --- Genetics, Molecular --- Molecular Genetics --- Biochemical Genetic --- Genetic, Biochemical --- Genetic, Molecular --- Molecular Genetic --- Genetic Phenomena

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PCR --- Vaccines --- Viroses --- Human diseases --- RNA. --- RRO MMR

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Given this pervasiveness and importance of miRNA-mediated gene regulation, it should come as little surprise that miRNAs themselves are also highly regulated. However, the recent explosion of knowledge on this topic has been remarkable, providing a primary motivation for publication of this book. As miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II, the enzyme that also generates mRNAs, it was perhaps not unexpected that miRNA transcription would be subject to regulation, and we have willfully mitted this aspect from this monograph. However, what has been unexpected is the extent of post-transcriptional regulation of miRNAs that is illustrated in this book.

Gene Expression Regulation -- genetics. --- Genetic regulation. --- MicroRNAs -- genetics. --- Small interfering RNA. --- Small interfering RNA --- Genetic regulation --- Biology --- RNA, Antisense --- Genetic Processes --- RNA, Small Untranslated --- RNA, Untranslated --- Biological Science Disciplines --- RNA --- Antisense Elements (Genetics) --- Genetic Phenomena --- Nucleic Acids --- Phenomena and Processes --- Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Genetics --- MicroRNAs --- Gene Expression Regulation --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Animal Biochemistry --- Gene expression --- Gene expression regulation --- Gene regulation --- piRNA (Piwi-interacting RNA) --- Piwi-interacting RNA --- Piwi protein-interacting RNA --- rasiRNA (Repeat-associated small interfering RNA) --- Repeat-associated siRNA --- Repeat-associated small interfering RNA --- Scan RNA --- scnRNA (Small scan RNA) --- Short hairpin RNA --- Short interfering RNA --- shRNA (Short hairpin RNA) --- siRNA (Small interfering RNA) --- Small hairpin RNA --- Small scan RNA --- tasiRNA (Trans-acting small interfering RNA) --- Trans-acting siRNA --- Trans-acting small interfering RNA --- Regulation --- Life sciences. --- Human genetics. --- Biochemistry. --- Life Sciences. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Biomedicine general. --- Human Genetics. --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Heredity, Human --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Composition --- Biosynthesis --- Cellular control mechanisms --- Molecular genetics --- Antisense RNA --- Medicine. --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Life sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Health Workforce --- Biomedicine, general.