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In 2003, the World Bank the Agriculture and Rural Development (ARD) department of the Sustainable Development Network (SDN) of the Africa Region commissioned a Ghana Horticultural Sector Development Study. Later that year, the Horticulture Export and Investment Initiative (HEII) were created as the result of restructuring of the agribusiness support component of the Agriculture Services Sub-sector Investment Programme (AgSSIP). HEII played an important role in reshaping the Ghana horticulture cluster through a series of crucial technical support initiatives and building of a key logistics infrastructure at the Tema seaport. HEII also helped to raise the visibility of the horticulture cluster, which resulted in a renewed interest in the sector both from private investors and donor partners. Five years after the original study, the horticulture cluster in Ghana had moved ahead. Developments in the institutional environment had combined with an evolution both of the businesses and of the product portfolio; international trade had expanded and an increasing population participated in export horticulture supported by infrastructural enhancements. At the same time, the external operating environment had changed: not only are markets dynamic, but there were also new influences from policy and trade agreements. The initial scoping review was carried out in early 2008. The scoping study revealed a picture of mixed health, of some successes but not without difficulties; and it confirmed the need for a plan to take the industry forward. The process of validating the review emphasized the necessity for a wide-ranging review of many different factors in order to build a solid business case for a strategy. The present report is the outcome of this two step process. It is laid out in three parts. Part one report on the initial scoping study. Part two defines the vision and the strategy that was formulated in 2010. Part three is a collection of a number of background papers that were researched and written to provide a foundation for the strategy.

Agribusiness --- Agricultural Sector Economics --- Agriculture --- Crops & Crop Management Systems --- Export Competitiveness --- Global Value Chains and Business Clustering --- Logistics --- Private Sector Development

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In dit 31ste Jaarboek voor Vrouwengeschiedenis wordt de relatie tussen gender en design onderzocht in uiteenlopende perioden en culturen. Hoe verschillen vrouwen en mannen in het bedenken, maken en gebruiken van voorwerpen en andere ontwerpen? En welke verschillen zijn er in de berichtgeving en beeldvorming rond design van vrouwelijke en mannelijke makelij? Wat opvalt is de hardnekkige associatie van vrouwen en vrouwelijkheid met de wereld binnenshuis en zaken als interieurinrichting. Ook design blijkt dus doordrongen van vastgeroeste cliché's rond mannelijkheid en vrouwelijkheid, gaande van alledaagse gebruiksvoorwerpen tot meer luxueuze ontwerpen.

Journalism --- Christian special devotions --- Sociology of the family. Sociology of sexuality --- Agronomy --- Art --- Architecture --- Graphic arts --- Feminism --- Gender --- Artists --- Agricultural sector --- Marian devotion --- Architecture --- Drawing --- Design --- Images of women --- Book --- Kots, Grietje --- Gray, Eileen --- Tuuk, van der, Titia --- anno 500-1499 --- anno 1800-1899 --- anno 1900-1999 --- Ireland --- Austria --- Netherlands --- Africa --- United States of America

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This book chronicles the development of Vietnam's rural electrification program. It tells the story of how the Vietnamese government conceived, developed, scaled up, and improved its program. It also discusses the role the government, the countries main utility, local authorities, local communities, and the country's international development partners played in the pursuit of the electrification agenda. The book provides an overview of the strategies that fueled the impressive expansion of access to electricity in Vietnam, the development of the institutions that implemented the program and the passage of policies and laws that made growth of such scale possible. It also discusses results from the ground, and particularly the impacts of electrification on people's lives. It concludes with an attempt to draw lessons from Vietnam's experience. The book comprises three main parts: part A, made up of eight sections, provides an overview of Vietnam's rural electrification experience, which can be divided into six distinct periods. Part B summarizes a select set of findings from the multiyear survey and discusses the impact of rural electrification on Vietnamese households. Part C draws lessons from the experience of rural electrification in Vietnam, based on the information presented in parts A and B. It discusses the lessons learned from the perspectives of the government and the World Bank.

Agricultural Cooperatives --- Agricultural Sector --- Alternative Energy --- Child Mortality --- Clean Water --- Conflict --- Drainage --- Electric Power --- Electricity --- Employment --- Energy --- Energy and Poverty Alleviation --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Flexibility --- Gross Domestic Product --- Household Consumption --- Hydropower --- Irrigation --- Per Capita Income --- Poverty Reduction --- Power Sector --- Renewable Energy --- Rural Development --- Rural Electrification --- Rural Population --- Rural Poverty --- Rural Poverty Reduction --- Savings --- Technical Assistance --- Thermal Power --- Transport

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The financial crisis of 2008-09 has considerably slowed the pace of economic growth in Mongolia. When combined with the Dzud (severe winter storm) of 2009-10, which occurred just as the economy was beginning to recover and killed over one million heads of livestock, the slowdown is likely to have significant impacts on poverty as well as the distribution of income and consumption among the poor and non-poor. In this paper we examine the poverty and distributional impacts of the crisis in Mongolia, relying on predictions from a simulation model based on pre-crisis data, given that household data to measure impacts during and after the crisis is unavailable. It is difficult to predict the distributional impacts of the financial crisis with a high degree of confidence. Evidence from previous crises suggests that relative inequality falls about as often as it rises during aggregate contractions (Paci et al, 2008). Furthermore, as the crisis spreads within a country (through adjustments in domestic credit and labor markets and fiscal policies), its impacts across different groups, sectors or areas became all the more difficult to track. The paper is structured as follows. Section two outlines the basic methodological approach used to create the simulation results used here. Section three discusses the macroeconomic projections that are used as inputs into the model. Sections four and five examine the model's projections for poverty and distributional impacts respectively, section six discusses the impact of Dzud (severe winter) and section seven concludes.

Accounting --- Agricultural Sector --- Cash Transfers --- Developing Countries --- Economic Conditions and Volatility --- Economic Policy --- Employment Opportunities --- Financial Crisis --- Gdp --- Global Economy --- Household Income --- Household Size --- Income Distribution --- Inequality --- Labor Policies --- Macroeconomic Shocks --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Middle Class --- Per Capita Income --- Population Growth --- Poverty Line --- Poverty Reduction --- Productivity --- Public Sector --- Rural Poverty Reduction --- Savings --- Social Development --- Social Protections and Labor

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Papua has abundant natural and fiscal resources but also faces great development challenges. On the one hand, Papua currently has the largest per capita fiscal capacity after West Papua. Papua is rich in natural resources such as non-oil-and-gas minerals and forest products. On the other hand, development challenges in Papua are significant, including geography, terrain and demography. In general, Papua is still underdeveloped both socially and in economic terms compared to other regions in Indonesia. This underdevelopment is evident in most poverty, education, health, and infrastructure indicators. The economy and investment in Papua are dominated by the mining sector and, in a distant second place, the agricultural sector. Between 2004 and 2007, the mining sector accounted for more than 50 percent of the Papua's gross regional domestic product (GRDP). As a consequence, economic growth was determined by fluctuations in mineral commodity prices. The second largest sector is agriculture, which accounts for about 14-18 percent of GRDP. This sector absorbed the most workers in Papua province until 2008. Meanwhile, industry continues to lag and contributed less than 10 percent to GRDP. The PEA is a part of the PEACH (Public Expenditure Analysis and Capacity Harmonization) program. This program is an initiative of the Government of Papua to continuously improve its public financial management performance. Consequently, the analysis contained in this report addresses issues that are the region's main focus. Today, the Government of Papua is trying actively to achieve a 'New Papua' through implementing the following agenda: a) restructuring the local government; b) developing a prosperous Papua; c) developing a safe and peaceful Papua; and d) improving and accelerating the development of basic infrastructure and facilities.

Access to Finance --- Accountability --- Accounting --- Agricultural Sector --- Asset Management --- Capacity Building --- Capital Flows --- Civil Service --- Commodity Prices --- Debt --- Debt Markets --- Economic Development --- Electricity --- Expenditures --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Gender --- Health Outcomes --- Housing --- Human Resources --- Income Distribution --- Inflation --- Local Government --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Municipalities --- Natural Resources --- Private Sector --- Public Sector Development --- Public Sector Management and Reform --- Public Spending --- Reserve Funds --- Revenue Sharing --- Roads --- Sanitation --- Transaction Costs --- Transparency --- Urban Areas --- Villages