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This volume is a fascinating portrait of a part of the world uneasily balanced between many loyalties - East and West, European and Arabic. The coronation of the Shah in 1967 marked the end of the need for foreign aid, and Iran emerged from her struggles to become the leading nation in the Middle East. Written before the crippling Iran-Iraq war broke out, this book looked forward to Iran's great future, which, in the author's opinion, could only be achieved if she broke with her traditions to form a new material and spiritual synthesis.

Iran --- Iran. --- República Islâmica do Irã --- Irã --- Persia --- Northern Tier --- Islamic Republic of Iran --- Jumhūrī-i Islāmī-i Īrān --- I-lang --- Paras-Iran --- Paras --- Persia-Iran --- I.R.A. --- Islamische Republik Iran --- Islamskai︠a︡ Respublika Iran --- I.R.I. --- IRI --- ايران --- جمهورى اسلامى ايران --- Êran --- Komarî Îslamî Êran --- History.

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Law --- Law. --- Iran. --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Jurisprudence --- Legislation --- Regions --- Êran --- I-lang --- I.R.A. --- I.R.I. --- Ir --- IRI --- Islamic Republic of Iran --- Islamische Republik Iran --- Islamskai͡a Respublika Iran --- Jumhūrī-i Islāmī-i Īrān --- Komarî Îslamî Êran --- Northern Tier --- Paras --- Paras-Iran --- Persia --- Persia-Iran --- República Islâmica do Ir

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Persian has been a written language since the sixth century B.C. Only Chinese, Greek, and Latin have comparable histories of literacy. Although Persian script changed-first from cuneiform to a modified Aramaic, then to Arabic-from the ninth to the nineteenth centuries it served a broader geographical area than any language in world history. It was the primary language of administration and belles lettres from the Balkans under the earlier Ottoman Empire to Central China under the Mongols, and from the northern branches of the Silk Road in Central Asia to southern India under the Mughal Empire. Its history is therefore crucial for understanding the function of writing in world history.Each of the chapters of Literacy in the Persianate World opens a window onto a particular stage of this history, starting from the reemergence of Persian in the Arabic script after the Arab-Islamic conquest in the seventh century A.D., through the establishment of its administrative vocabulary, its literary tradition, its expansion as the language of trade in the thirteenth century, and its adoption by the British imperial administration in India, before being reduced to the modern role of national language in three countries (Afghanistan, Iran, and Tajikistan) in the twentieth century. Two concluding chapters compare the history of written Persian with the parallel histories of Chinese and Latin, with special attention to the way its use was restricted and channeled by social practice.This is the first comparative study of the historical role of writing in three languages, including two in non-Roman scripts, over a period of two and a half millennia, providing an opportunity for reassessment of the work on literacy in English that has accumulated over the past half century. The editors take full advantage of this opportunity in their introductory essay.PMIRC, volume 4

Iran --- Literacy --- Persian language --- Writing --- Social life and customs. --- History. --- Written Persian --- Intellectual life. --- History --- Farsi language --- Iranian languages --- Chirography --- Handwriting --- Language and languages --- Ciphers --- Penmanship --- Illiteracy --- Education --- General education --- República Islâmica do Irã --- Irã --- Persia --- Northern Tier --- Islamic Republic of Iran --- Jumhūrī-i Islāmī-i Īrān --- I-lang --- Paras-Iran --- Paras --- Persia-Iran --- I.R.A. --- Islamische Republik Iran --- Islamskai︠a︡ Respublika Iran --- I.R.I. --- IRI --- ايران --- جمهورى اسلامى ايران --- Êran --- Komarî Îslamî Êran --- Ancient Studies. --- Archaeology.

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Law --- Criminal law --- Criminal law. --- Law. --- Iran. --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Jurisprudence --- Legislation --- Crime --- Crimes and misdemeanors --- Criminals --- Law, Criminal --- Penal codes --- Penal law --- Pleas of the crown --- Public law --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Criminal procedure --- Regions --- Law and legislation --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Êran --- I-lang --- I.R.A. --- I.R.I. --- Ir --- IRI --- Islamic Republic of Iran --- Islamische Republik Iran --- Islamskai͡a Respublika Iran --- Jumhūrī-i Islāmī-i Īrān --- Komarî Îslamî Êran --- Northern Tier --- Paras --- Paras-Iran --- Persia --- Persia-Iran --- República Islâmica do Ir

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Xenophon. --- Cyrus, --- Greece --- Iran --- History --- Historiography --- República Islâmica do Irã --- Irã --- Persia --- Northern Tier --- Islamic Republic of Iran --- Jumhūrī-i Islāmī-i Īrān --- I-lang --- Paras-Iran --- Paras --- Persia-Iran --- I.R.A. --- Islamische Republik Iran --- Islamskai︠a︡ Respublika Iran --- I.R.I. --- IRI --- ايران --- جمهورى اسلامى ايران --- Êran --- Komarî Îslamî Êran --- Griechenland --- Grèce --- Hellas --- Yaṿan --- Vasileion tēs Hellados --- Hellēnikē Dēmokratia --- République hellénique --- Royaume de Grèce --- Kingdom of Greece --- Hellenic Republic --- Ancient Greece --- Ελλάδα --- Ellada --- Ελλάς --- Ellas --- Ελληνική Δημοκρατία --- Ellēnikē Dēmokratia --- Elliniki Dimokratia --- Grecia --- Grčija --- Hellada --- اليونان --- يونان --- al-Yūnān --- Yūnān --- 希腊 --- Xila --- Греция --- Gret︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Historiography. --- Xenophon. - Anabasis --- Cyrus, - the Younger, - d. 401 B.C. --- Greece - History - Expedition of Cyrus, 401 B.C. - Historiography --- Iran - History - To 640 - Historiography