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In this book, the author deals mainly with two topics: (1) single-molecule visualization of switching behaviors in the DNA nanoframe system utilizing different kinds of molecular switches through the use of high-speed atomic force microscope (AFM); (2) construction of photocontrollable DNA nanostructures in programmed patterns and direct visualization of the dynamic assembling process. Here, high-speed AFM was employed to observe the dynamic movements of single molecules. Compared to a traditional single-molecule analysis method, such as fluorescence spectroscopy or electron microscopy, high-speed AFM makes possible the real-time observation of molecule behaviors. DNA nanostructures were designed and assembled as scaffolds to incorporate interested biomolecules. The observations were carried out under robust conditions without complicated pretreatment. Moreover, the photoresponsive molecules were successfully assembled into around 100 nm-sized DNA nanostructures. The assembly/disassembly of nanostructures can be regulated reversibly by photoirradiation. This book explains how DNA origami has gradually become a useful tool for the investigation of biochemical interactions in defined nanospace. It also shows the possibility of DNA nanostructures acting as nanodevices for application in biological systems, serving as a good introduction to basic DNA nanotechnology.

Physical & Theoretical Chemistry --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Nanostructures. --- DNA. --- Deoxyribonucleic acid --- Desoxyribonucleic acid --- Thymonucleic acid --- TNA (Nucleic acid) --- Chemistry. --- Nanochemistry. --- Microscopy. --- Spectroscopy. --- Nanotechnology. --- Biological Microscopy. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Deoxyribose --- Nucleic acids --- Genes --- Nanoscience --- Physics --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Optics --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Nanoscale chemistry --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Analytical chemistry --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectrometry --- Spectroscopy --- Interferometry --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Qualitative

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This work details an application of collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy for the separation of short-lived isomeric states and their subsequent study with decay spectroscopy. It reports the successful construction of a novel decay spectroscopy apparatus that can operate at pressures below 1 x 10^-9 mbar. The method is demonstrated by separating the nuclear ground and isomeric states of 204Fr and performing alpha-decay spectroscopy. An equivalent mass spectrometer would require 4.6 million times as much resolution to achieve the same result. This work unambiguously confirms the existence of a second isomeric state in 204Fr. The author also demonstrates the effectiveness of this method for laser spectroscopy and identification of hyperfine-structure components with energy tagging. This method was successfully used in 202Fr to identify ground and isomeric states. The measurement of 202Fr reported in this thesis demonstrates a factor of 100 improvement in sensitivity compared to state-of-the-art fluorescence techniques. The work reported in this thesis won the author the IOP Nuclear Physics Group Early Career Prize.

Physics. --- Nuclear Physics, Heavy Ions, Hadrons. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Nuclear physics. --- Physique --- Physique nucléaire --- Heavy ions. --- Plasma spectroscopy. --- Spectrum analysis. --- Thorium -- Spectra. --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Electricity & Magnetism --- Nuclear Physics --- Laser spectroscopy. --- Hadrons. --- Spectroscopy. --- Microscopy. --- Spectrum analysis --- Atomic nuclei --- Atoms, Nuclei of --- Nucleus of the atom --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Optics --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectrometry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Ions --- Qualitative --- Analytical chemistry

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This collection of papers describes the instrument and initial results obtained from the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph (FISS),  one of the post-focus instruments of the 1.6 meter New Solar Telescope at the Big Bear Solar Observatory. The FISS primarily aims at investigating structures and dynamics of  chromospheric features. This instrument is a dual-band Echelle spectrograph optimized for the simultaneous recording of the H I 656.3 nm band and the Ca II 854.2 nm band. The imaging is done with the fast raster scan realized by the linear motion of a two-mirror scanner, and its quality is determined by the performance of the adaptive optics of the telescope.    These papers illustrate the capability of the early FISS observations in the study of chromospheric features. Since the imaging quality has been improved a lot with the advance of the adaptive optics, one can obtain much better data with the current FISS observations.        This volume is aimed at graduate students and researchers working in the field of solar physics and space sciences.   Originally published in Solar Physics, Vol. 288, Issue 1, 2013, and Vol. 289, Issue 11, 2014.

Physics. --- Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Sciences. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Astrophysics. --- Physique --- Astrophysique --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Astrophysics --- Solar telescopes. --- Telescope, Solar --- Space sciences. --- Physical measurements. --- Measurement. --- Spectroscopy. --- Microscopy. --- Telescopes --- Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics). --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Measurement   . --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Optics --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectrometry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Measurement --- Science and space --- Space research --- Cosmology --- Science --- Qualitative --- Analytical chemistry

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This thesis addresses the development of a new force spectroscopy tool, correlation force spectroscopy (CFS) for the measurement of the properties of very small volumes of material (molecular to µm3) at kHz-MHz frequency range. CFS measures the simultaneous thermal fluctuations of two closely-spaced atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilevers.  CFS then calculates the cross-correlation in the thermal fluctuations that gives the mechanical properties of the matter that spans the gap of the two cantilevers. The book also discusses development of CFS, its advantages over AFM, and its application in single molecule force spectroscopy and micro-rheology.

Chemistry. --- Spectroscopy/Spectrometry. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Atomic/Molecular Structure and Spectra. --- Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering. --- Spectroscopy. --- Chemical engineering. --- Chimie --- Génie chimique --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Analytical Chemistry --- Molecular spectroscopy. --- Spectroscopy, Molecular --- Atomic structure. --- Molecular structure. --- Spectra. --- Microscopy. --- Spectrum analysis --- Molecular spectra --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Optics --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Chemistry, Industrial --- Engineering, Chemical --- Industrial chemistry --- Engineering --- Chemistry, Technical --- Metallurgy --- Qualitative --- Atomic structure  . --- Molecular structure . --- Structure, Molecular --- Chemical structure --- Structural bioinformatics --- Structure, Atomic --- Atomic theory --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Spectrometry --- Analytical chemistry

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The 2nd International Multidisciplinary Microscopy and Microanalysis Congress & Exhibition (InterM 2014) was held on 16–19 October 2014 in Oludeniz, Fethiye/ Mugla, Turkey. The aim of the congress was to gather scientists from various branches and discuss the latest improvements in the field of microscopy. The focus of the congress has been widened in an "interdisciplinary" manner, so as to allow all scientists working on several related subjects to participate and present their work. These proceedings include 33 peer-reviewed technical papers, submitted by leading academic and research institutions from over 17 countries and representing some of the most cutting-edge research available. The papers were presented at the congress in the following sessions: ·         Applications of Microscopy in the Physical Sciences ·         Applications of Microscopy in the Biological Sciences.

Physics. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Spectroscopy/Spectrometry. --- Biological Microscopy. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Biophysics and Biological Physics. --- Spectroscopy. --- Microscopy. --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Physique --- Microscopie --- Surfaces (Physique) --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Electricity & Magnetism --- Light & Optics --- Microscopy --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Biophysics. --- Biological physics. --- Materials science. --- Optics --- Biological and Medical Physics, Biophysics. --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Qualitative --- Biological physics --- Biology --- Medical sciences --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Spectrometry --- Analytical chemistry