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This book deals primarily with understanding, monitoring and prediction of Tropical Cyclones (TCs) over the North Indian Ocean (NIO). There is special emphasis on TC genesis, intensification, movement and associated adverse weather like heavy rainfall and gale winds. It highlights the current state of research on TCs over the NIO and recent improvements in early warning systems due to advances in observational, analytical and numerical weather prediction techniques. The chapters in the book are authored by leading experts from research and operational environments. The chapters presented in the book intend to stimulate thinking and hence further research in the field of TCs, especially over the NIO region. They provide high quality reference material for all experts working in the field of TC related disaster management. This book is relevant to TC forecasters and researchers, managers, policy makers, graduate and undergraduate students.

Atmospheric sciences. --- Climate change. --- Meteorology. --- Atmospheric Sciences. --- Climate Change. --- Meteorology.

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By breaking down atmospheric variables into temporal climatologies and anomalies, this book demonstrates that all weather extremes and climatic events are directly associated with the anomaly component of atmospheric motion. We can use the anomaly-based synoptic chart and dynamical parameters to objectively describe these extremes and events. The conception and differences of weather, climate and general circulation tend to confuse us, because there are no clear physical definitions available for them. Weather extremes such as heat waves, cold surges, freezing rains, heavy rains, severe drought, unusual storm tracks, and tornados are common on our planet’s surface. Climatic events such as Arctic warming and declining sea ice have become hot topics in recent years. An approach based on breaking down total variables into temporal climatologies and anomalies can be used to identify general circulation, analyze climatic anomalies and forecast weather extremes. Accordingly, this book will appeal to students, teachers and forecasters in the field of weather and climate alike.

Earth sciences. --- Meteorology. --- Atmospheric sciences. --- Earth Sciences. --- Atmospheric Sciences. --- Aerophysics --- Atmospheric sciences --- Physical meteorology --- Aerology --- Geosciences --- Meteorology, Physical --- Atmospheric science --- Environmental sciences --- Physical sciences --- Climatic extremes. --- Atmospheric physics. --- Earth sciences --- Atmosphere

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This book introduces the reader to a new method of data assimilation with deterministic constraints (exact satisfaction of dynamic constraints)—an optimal assimilation strategy called Forecast Sensitivity Method (FSM), as an alternative to the well-known four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) data assimilation method. 4D-Var works with a forward in time prediction model and a backward in time tangent linear model (TLM). The equivalence of data assimilation via 4D-Var and FSM is proven and problems using low-order dynamics clarify the process of data assimilation by the two methods. The problem of return flow over the Gulf of Mexico that includes upper-air observations and realistic dynamical constraints gives the reader a good idea of how the FSM can be implemented in a real-world situation. .

Data mining. --- Computer simulation. --- Computers. --- Atmospheric sciences. --- Geology—Statistical methods. --- Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery. --- Simulation and Modeling. --- Models and Principles. --- Atmospheric Sciences. --- Quantitative Geology.

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This book provides research that shows tropical cyclones are more powerful than in the past with the most dramatic increases occurring over the North Atlantic and with the strongest hurricanes. Although such increases are correlated with warming oceans and are consistent with the thermodynamic theory of hurricane intensity, there remains doubt about the interpretation, integrity, and meaning of these results. Arising from the 5th International Summit on Hurricanes and Climate Change, this book contains new research on topics related to hurricanes and climate change. Bringing together international leading academics and researchers on various sides of the debate, the book discusses new research and expresses opinions about what is happening and what might happen in the future with regard to regional and global hurricane (tropical cyclone) activity.

Climate change. --- Atmospheric sciences. --- Natural disasters. --- Environmental economics. --- Climate Change. --- Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts. --- Atmospheric Sciences. --- Natural Hazards. --- Environmental Economics.

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Das vorliegende Lehrbuch ist aus einer zweisemestrigen Vorlesung über die Physik der Atmosphäre im Rahmen des Faches Umweltphysik an der Universität Heidelberg hervorgegangen. Es ist als einführendes Lehrbuch konzipiert und soll das Funktionieren des Systems Atmosphäre verständlich machen. Zunächst werden Themen wie Strahlungs- und Energiehaushalt, atmosphärische Dynamik und Zirkulation, Niederschlagsbildung und der Wasserkreislauf behandelt. Des Weiteren werden die umweltrelevanten Aspekte der Meteorologie und der Atmosphärenphysik herausgearbeitet. Hierzu dienen unter anderem eine ausführliche Darstellung von Diffusions- und Transportprozessen sowie Abschnitte über atmosphärische Spurenstoffkreisläufe mit Betonung auf strahlungsrelevanten Spurengasen und Schwebeteilchen (Aerosolen), und schließlich eine Diskussion aktueller und zukünftiger Klimaentwicklungen und deren Bewertung. Das Buch wendet sich ebenso an Studierende der Physik und der Geowissenschaften wie an Wissenschaftler(innen) und Lehrer(innen), die sich für ihre berufliche Arbeit eine Einführung in die atmosphärische Physik und in die Umweltmeteorologie wünschen. Ein umfangreiches Register ermöglicht das schnelle Auffinden eines Themas, die große Zahl von Quellen- und Literaturangaben erleichtert den Zugang zu weiteren Informationen. Gegenüber der letzten Auflage wurden vor allem die letzten drei Kapitel grundlegend überarbeitet. Speziell in die Kapitel zu atmosphärischen Spurenstoffen (Kap. 8) und zur Klimamodellierung (Kap. 10) sind wieder die neuesten Forschungserkenntnisse eingegangen. .

Environmental sciences. --- Atmospheric sciences. --- Geophysics. --- Air pollution. --- Environmental Physics. --- Atmospheric Sciences. --- Geophysics and Environmental Physics. --- Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution.