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"Crisis in Sociology presents a compelling portrait of sociology's current troubles and proposes a controversial remedy. In the authors' view, sociology's crisis has deep roots, traceable to the over-ambitious sweep of the discipline's founders. Generations of sociologists have failed to focus effectively on the tasks necessary to build a social science. The authors see sociology's most disabling flaw in the failure to discover even a single general law or principle. This makes it impossible to systematically organize empirical observations, guide inquiry by suggesting falsifiable hypotheses, or form the core of a genuinely cumulative body of knowledge. Absent such a theoretical tool, sociology can aspire to little more than an amorphous mass of hunches and disconnected facts. The condition engenders confusion and unproductive debate. It invites fragmentation and predation by applied social disciplines, such as business administration, criminal justice, social work, and urban studies. Even more dangerous are incursions by prestigious social sciences and by branches of evolutionary biology that constitute the frontier of the current revolution in behavioral science. Lopreato and Crippen argue that unless sociology takes into account central developments in evolutionary science, it will not survive as an academic discipline. Crisis in Sociology argues that participation in the "new social science," exemplified by thriving new fields such as evolutionary psychology, will help to build a vigorous, scientific sociology. The authors analyze research on such subjects as sex roles, social stratification, and ethnic conflict, showing how otherwise disconnected features of the sociological landscape can in fact contribute to a theoretically coherent and cumulative body of knowledge."--Provided by publisher.
Sociology --- Social Darwinism. --- Research.
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Social Darwinism --- Sociology --- History. --- History.
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Darwin, Dharma, and the Divine is the first book in English on the history of evolutionary theory in Japan. Bringing to life more than a century of ideas, G. Clinton Godart examines how and why Japanese intellectuals, religious thinkers of different faiths, philosophers, biologists, journalists, activists, and ideologues engaged with evolutionary theory and religion. How did Japanese religiously think about evolution? What were their main concerns? Did they reject evolution on religious grounds, or-as was more often the case-how did they combine evolutionary theory with their religious beliefs?Evolutionary theory was controversial and never passively accepted in Japan: It took a hundred years of appropriating, translating, thinking, and debating to reconsider the natural world and the relation between nature, science, and the sacred in light of evolutionary theory. Since its introduction in the nineteenth century, Japanese intellectuals-including Buddhist, Shinto, Confucian, and Christian thinkers-in their own ways and often with opposing agendas, struggled to formulate a meaningful worldview after Darwin. In the decades that followed, as the Japanese redefined their relation to nature and built a modern nation-state, the debates on evolutionary theory intensified and state ideologues grew increasingly hostile toward its principles. Throughout the religious reception of evolution was dominated by a long-held fear of the idea of nature and society as cold and materialist, governed by the mindless "struggle for survival." This aversion endeavored many religious thinkers, philosophers, and biologists to find goodness and the divine within nature and evolution. It was this drive, argues Godart, that shaped much of Japan's modern intellectual history and changed Japanese understandings of nature, society, and the sacred.Darwin, Dharma, and the Divine will contribute significantly to two of the most debated topics in the history of evolutionary theory: religion and the political legacy of evolution. It will, therefore, appeal to the broad audience interested in Darwin studies as well as students and scholars of Japanese intellectual history, religion, and philosophy.
Evolution (Biology) --- Social Darwinism --- Religious aspects. --- History. --- Buddhism. --- Science.
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Eugenics --- Sterilization (Birth control) --- Medical ethics. --- Social Darwinism. --- Religion and science --- History. --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Religious aspects. --- History --- 1800-1999 --- United States.
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When Mustafa Kemal Atatürk became the first president of Turkey in 1923, he set about transforming his country into a secular republic where nationalism sanctified by science--and by the personality cult Atatürk created around himself--would reign supreme as the new religion. This book provides the first in-depth look at the intellectual life of the Turkish Republic's founder. In doing so, it frames him within the historical context of the turbulent age in which he lived, and explores the uneasy transition from the late Ottoman imperial order to the modern Turkish state through his life and ideas. Shedding light on one of the most complex and enigmatic statesmen of the modern era, M. Sükrü Hanioglu takes readers from Atatürk's youth as a Muslim boy in the volatile ethnic cauldron of Macedonia, to his education in nonreligious and military schools, to his embrace of Turkish nationalism and the modernizing Young Turks movement. Who was this figure who sought glory as an ambitious young officer in World War I, defied the victorious Allies intent on partitioning the Turkish heartland, and defeated the last sultan? Hanioglu charts Atatürk's intellectual and ideological development at every stage of his life, demonstrating how he was profoundly influenced by the new ideas that were circulating in the sprawling Ottoman realm. He shows how Atatürk drew on a unique mix of scientism, materialism, social Darwinism, positivism, and other theories to fashion a grand utopian framework on which to build his new nation.Now with a new preface, this book provides the first in-depth look at the intellectual life of the Turkish Republic's founder.
Social change --- History --- Atatürk, Kemal, --- Political and social views. --- Knowledge and learning. --- 1900-1999 --- Turkey --- Politics and government --- Intellectual life --- Social conditions --- Allied diplomacy. --- Committee of Union and Progress. --- Darwinism. --- European Turkey. --- Great Britain. --- Great War. --- Islam. --- Kemalism. --- Late Ottoman. --- Muslims. --- Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. --- Ottoman Westernizers. --- Ottoman empire. --- Ottoman military. --- Ottoman order. --- Ottoman society. --- Ottomans. --- Royal Military Academy. --- Salonica. --- Staff Officer College. --- Turkey. --- Turkish Republic. --- Turkish War of Independence. --- Turkish historiography. --- Turkish nationalism. --- Turkish nationalist movement. --- Turkish republic. --- Turkish transformation. --- Vulgärmaterialismus. --- Western civilization. --- Westernization. --- Young Turk movement. --- Young Turks movement. --- army. --- civic religion. --- cults. --- heroism. --- ideology. --- institutional membership. --- intellectual development. --- intellectual transformation. --- intellectual utopia. --- kōgeki seishin. --- materialism. --- military education. --- modern Turkey. --- nationalism. --- offensive wars. --- pan-Islamic leadership. --- polygamy. --- positivism. --- primary education. --- scientism. --- secular republic. --- secularism. --- social Darwinism. --- social milieu. --- social transformation.
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In Economics in Perspective, renowned economist John Kenneth Galbraith presents a compelling and accessible history of economic ideas, from Aristotle through the twentieth century. Examining theories of the past that have a continuing modern resonance, he shows that economics is not a timeless, objective science, but is continually evolving as it is shaped by specific times and places. From Adam Smith's theories during the Industrial Revolution to those of John Maynard Keynes after the Great Depression, Galbraith demonstrates that if economic ideas are to remain relevant, they must continually adapt to the world they inhabit. A lively examination of economic thought in historical context, Economics in Perspective shows how the field has evolved across the centuries.
Economic history. --- Economics --- History. --- A Treatise on Money. --- Adam Müller. --- Adam Smith. --- Alfred Marshall. --- Alvin Harvey Hansen. --- Aristotle. --- Arthur C. Pigou. --- Auguste Walras. --- Britain. --- Christianity. --- David Ricardo. --- France. --- Franklin D. Roosevelt. --- Friedrich Engels. --- Georg Friedrich List. --- Germany. --- Great Depression. --- Greece. --- Greenbacks. --- Harvard University. --- Henry Charles Carey. --- Henry George. --- Herbert Spencer. --- Industrial Revolution. --- Irving Fisher. --- Jean Baptiste Say. --- Jean Charles Léonard de Sismondi. --- Jeremy Bentham. --- John Maynard Keynes. --- John R. Commons. --- John Stuart Mill. --- Joseph Schumpeter. --- Karl Marx. --- Karl Menger. --- Keynesian Revolution. --- Keynesian economics. --- Lauchlin Currie. --- Lenin (Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov). --- Middle Ages. --- National Recovery Act. --- Nicole Oresme. --- October Revolution. --- Otto von Bismarck. --- Physiocrats. --- Pierre Joseph Proudhon. --- Plato. --- Rexford Guy Tugwell. --- Romans. --- Say's Law. --- Sherman Act. --- Social Darwinism. --- Social Security Act. --- Thomas Aquinas. --- Thomas Robert Malthus. --- Thorstein Veblen. --- United States. --- University of Wisconsin. --- Utilitarianism. --- Wealth of Nations. --- Winston Churchill. --- World War II. --- agriculture. --- balance of payments. --- banking. --- banks. --- borrowing. --- capital. --- capitalism. --- class structure. --- classical economics. --- classical tradition. --- communism. --- competition. --- consumption. --- cost. --- deflation. --- distribution. --- economic ideas. --- economic life. --- economic policy. --- economics. --- economists. --- economy. --- employment. --- equilibrium economics. --- exchange. --- factories. --- free trade. --- government expenditures. --- history of economics. --- inequality. --- institutionalists. --- justice. --- labor. --- marginal utility. --- markets. --- mercantilism. --- merchant capitalism. --- merchants. --- monetarism. --- money. --- monopolies. --- national state. --- natural law. --- oppressive power. --- poverty. --- price determination. --- prices. --- private property. --- production. --- produit net. --- public policy. --- recession. --- silver. --- social welfare. --- tariff protection. --- tariffs. --- taxes. --- theory of distribution. --- theory of value. --- trade. --- trusts. --- underemployment equilibrium. --- unemployment. --- value. --- voyages of discovery. --- wages. --- welfare state. --- working class. --- younger economists.
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