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Deforestation --- Forest conservation --- Control
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La destruction fortuite ou programmée des forêts tropicales par les coupes industrielles ou paysannes résulte d'une stratégie de conversion brutale de la forêt en espace agricole et de l'utilisation d'une ressource naturelle lucrative. Les espaces concernés deviennent très sensibles aux feux et la biodiversité y est menacée, souvent appauvrie, les sols sont érodés. La déforestation, conduite sur un mode brutal, déstabilise les équilibres climatiques et sociaux de la planète et augmente les risques de conflits. Face à ce pillage, les savoirs paysans et leurs systèmes agro-forestiers peuvent parfois apporter des réponses adaptées. Ce livre constitue un véritable diagnostic sur une catastrophe écologique majeure.
Geography --- environnement --- biodiversité --- déforestation --- érosion --- forêt --- géosystème --- impact anthropique --- société
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Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation, conserving and enhancing forest carbon stocks, and sustainably managing forests (REDD+), has become a reference framework for national forest governance across many tropical and sub-tropical forest countries. These countries have used international funding to re-organize forest and conservation policy around the idea of mitigating climate change, including the development of carbon accounting protocols and national REDD+ strategies. In parallel, international conservation organizations have promoted small-scale pilot project activities, in order to capture the economic value of any resulting land-use emission reductions, mostly through voluntary carbon markets.This collection contributes with new evidence to the burgeoning research on REDD+. The first section of the collection includes eight articles that explore the politics of REDD+ design, which analyze how various governments have designed and rolled out their REDD+ strategies, and how and why a range of public and private actors become (or not) involved in such processes. These contributions explore which rationales, techniques, views and values are being contested and constructed in the design of REDD+ national strategies, which conflicts have emerged and why, or how coordination across competing actors and interests has been pursued. The second section encompasses six articles that examine the lessons of REDD+ early actions, which describe or quantify the effects of such interventions on local environments and participants' socio-economic status and cultural contexts. Finally, the third section includes five articles that explore the interplays between REDD+ and other land-use policy domains, which focus on the synergies and contradictions between the aims and policy programs conforming REDD+ national strategies and other land-use policies. Specifically, these contributions explore if REDD+ is able to improve forest sector regulations in host countries and to to align other development and land-use planning policies with REDD+ objectives and aspirations.
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Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation, conserving and enhancing forest carbon stocks, and sustainably managing forests (REDD+), has become a reference framework for national forest governance across many tropical and sub-tropical forest countries. These countries have used international funding to re-organize forest and conservation policy around the idea of mitigating climate change, including the development of carbon accounting protocols and national REDD+ strategies. In parallel, international conservation organizations have promoted small-scale pilot project activities, in order to capture the economic value of any resulting land-use emission reductions, mostly through voluntary carbon markets.This collection contributes with new evidence to the burgeoning research on REDD+. The first section of the collection includes eight articles that explore the politics of REDD+ design, which analyze how various governments have designed and rolled out their REDD+ strategies, and how and why a range of public and private actors become (or not) involved in such processes. These contributions explore which rationales, techniques, views and values are being contested and constructed in the design of REDD+ national strategies, which conflicts have emerged and why, or how coordination across competing actors and interests has been pursued. The second section encompasses six articles that examine the lessons of REDD+ early actions, which describe or quantify the effects of such interventions on local environments and participants' socio-economic status and cultural contexts. Finally, the third section includes five articles that explore the interplays between REDD+ and other land-use policy domains, which focus on the synergies and contradictions between the aims and policy programs conforming REDD+ national strategies and other land-use policies. Specifically, these contributions explore if REDD+ is able to improve forest sector regulations in host countries and to to align other development and land-use planning policies with REDD+ objectives and aspirations.
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Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation, conserving and enhancing forest carbon stocks, and sustainably managing forests (REDD+), has become a reference framework for national forest governance across many tropical and sub-tropical forest countries. These countries have used international funding to re-organize forest and conservation policy around the idea of mitigating climate change, including the development of carbon accounting protocols and national REDD+ strategies. In parallel, international conservation organizations have promoted small-scale pilot project activities, in order to capture the economic value of any resulting land-use emission reductions, mostly through voluntary carbon markets.This collection contributes with new evidence to the burgeoning research on REDD+. The first section of the collection includes eight articles that explore the politics of REDD+ design, which analyze how various governments have designed and rolled out their REDD+ strategies, and how and why a range of public and private actors become (or not) involved in such processes. These contributions explore which rationales, techniques, views and values are being contested and constructed in the design of REDD+ national strategies, which conflicts have emerged and why, or how coordination across competing actors and interests has been pursued. The second section encompasses six articles that examine the lessons of REDD+ early actions, which describe or quantify the effects of such interventions on local environments and participants' socio-economic status and cultural contexts. Finally, the third section includes five articles that explore the interplays between REDD+ and other land-use policy domains, which focus on the synergies and contradictions between the aims and policy programs conforming REDD+ national strategies and other land-use policies. Specifically, these contributions explore if REDD+ is able to improve forest sector regulations in host countries and to to align other development and land-use planning policies with REDD+ objectives and aspirations.
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After more than three decades of paleoecological research, the potential role of climatic and anthropogenic drivers on Easter Island's ecological and cultural change is still under discussion. This eBook aims to provide a synthetic view of the topic using evidence from different research fields such as paleoecology, archaeology, history and molecular phylogenetics. A holistic approach is provided to combine the results of these research fields into a comprehensive framework able to account for most of the available multidisciplinary evidence.
This eBook is dedicated to the memory of John R. Flenley, the pioneer of paleoecological study of Easter Island, who passed away on June 22, 2018.
Rapa Nui --- Last millennia --- Climate Change --- Easter Iisland --- Cultural collapse --- cultural change --- Ecological collapse --- deforestation
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After more than three decades of paleoecological research, the potential role of climatic and anthropogenic drivers on Easter Island's ecological and cultural change is still under discussion. This eBook aims to provide a synthetic view of the topic using evidence from different research fields such as paleoecology, archaeology, history and molecular phylogenetics. A holistic approach is provided to combine the results of these research fields into a comprehensive framework able to account for most of the available multidisciplinary evidence.
This eBook is dedicated to the memory of John R. Flenley, the pioneer of paleoecological study of Easter Island, who passed away on June 22, 2018.
Rapa Nui --- Last millennia --- Climate Change --- Easter Iisland --- Cultural collapse --- cultural change --- Ecological collapse --- deforestation
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Deforestation --- Forest ecology --- Nature --- Conservation of natural resources --- Effect of human beings on
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After more than three decades of paleoecological research, the potential role of climatic and anthropogenic drivers on Easter Island's ecological and cultural change is still under discussion. This eBook aims to provide a synthetic view of the topic using evidence from different research fields such as paleoecology, archaeology, history and molecular phylogenetics. A holistic approach is provided to combine the results of these research fields into a comprehensive framework able to account for most of the available multidisciplinary evidence.
This eBook is dedicated to the memory of John R. Flenley, the pioneer of paleoecological study of Easter Island, who passed away on June 22, 2018.
Rapa Nui --- Last millennia --- Climate Change --- Easter Iisland --- Cultural collapse --- cultural change --- Ecological collapse --- deforestation
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This paper develops and applies a spatial econometric model that links road upgrading to forest clearing and biodiversity loss in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. The paper uses 500-meter cells to estimate the relationship between the rate of forest clearing in a cell and its distance to the closest point on the nearest road link, the quality of that link, the cell's legal protection status, transport cost to the nearest urban center, the agricultural opportunity value of the land, and terrain elevation. The parameter estimates are all robust, with the expected signs and very high statistical significance. The paper highlights the results that measure the impact of improved road quality on forest clearing through shorter transport times to market and lower vehicle maintenance costs. The estimated response parameters and a composite biodiversity indicator are used to compute an index of expected biodiversity loss from road upgrading in each 500meter cell. The results identify areas in the Lao People's Democratic Republic where high expected biodiversity loss may warrant additional protection as road upgrading continues. This analysis will help policy makers in the country to weigh context-specific trade-offs between development and conservation objectives associated with road improvement.
Biodiversity --- Deforestation --- Environment --- Environmentally Protected Areas --- Green Growth, Forest, Protected Areas --- Infrastructure --- Road --- Roads & Highways --- Transport
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