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What does it take for warnings about violent conflict and war to be listened to, believed and acted upon? Why are warnings from some sources noticed and largely accepted, while others are ignored or disbelieved? These questions are central to considering the feasibility of preventing harm to the economic and security interests of states. Challenging conventional accounts that tend to blame decision-makers' lack of receptivity and political will, the authors offer a new theoretical framework explaining how distinct 'paths of persuasion' are shaped by a select number of factors, including conflict characteristics, political contexts, and source-recipient relations. This is the first study to systematically integrate persuasion attempts by analysts, diplomats and senior officials with those by journalists and NGO staff. Its ambitious comparative design encompasses three states (the US, UK, and Germany) and international organisations (the UN, EU, and OSCE) and looks in depth at four conflict cases: Rwanda (1994), Darfur (2003), Georgia (2008) and Ukraine (2014).

War --- Armed conflict (War) --- Conflict, Armed (War) --- Fighting --- Hostilities --- Wars --- International relations --- Military art and science --- Causes of war --- Forecasting. --- Causes. --- Prevention --- International cooperation.

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This volume systematically analyses rules of engagement (ROE), a crucial component of the legal framework in which every soldier operates. It explains how such rules operate in both the legal context and military operational world, and how ROE are applied in practice.

War (International law) --- Humanitarian law. --- Humanitarian conventions --- International humanitarian law --- Hostilities --- International law --- Neutrality --- War. --- Armed conflict (War) --- Conflict, Armed (War) --- Fighting --- Wars --- International relations --- Military art and science --- Peace

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Few global security issues stimulate more fervent passion than the application of brute force. Despite the fierce debate raging about it in government, society and the Academy, inadequate strategic understanding surrounds the issue, prompting the urgent need for —the first comprehensive systematic global analysis of 21st century state-initiated internal and external applications of brute force. Based on extensive case evidence, Robert Mandel assesses the short-term and long-term, the local and global, the military, political, economic, and social, and the state and human security impacts of brute force. He explicitly isolates the conditions under which brute force works best and worst by highlighting force initiator and force target attributes linked to brute force success and common but low-impact force legitimacy concerns. Mandel comes to two major overarching conclusions. First, that the modern global application of brute force shows a pattern of futility—but one that is more a function of states' misapplication of brute force than of the inherent deficiencies of this instrument itself. Second, that the realm for successful application of state-initiated brute force is shrinking: for while state-initiated brute force can serve as a transitional short-run local military solution, he says, it cannot by itself provide a long-run global strategic solution or serve as a cure for human security problems. Taking the evidence and his conclusions together, Mandel provides policy advice for managing brute force use in the modern world.

Internal security. --- Military policy. --- National security. --- Security, International. --- War. --- Military policy --- War --- National security --- Internal security --- Security, International --- World politics --- Military & Naval Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Armies --- Colonialism --- Global politics --- International politics --- Political history --- Political science --- World history --- Eastern question --- Geopolitics --- International organization --- International relations --- Collective security --- International security --- Disarmament --- Peace --- Security, Internal --- Insurgency --- Subversive activities --- National security policy --- NSP (National security policy) --- Security policy, National --- Economic policy --- Armed conflict (War) --- Conflict, Armed (War) --- Fighting --- Hostilities --- Wars --- Military art and science --- Defense policy --- Military readiness --- Military history --- Sociology, Military --- Government policy --- Political aspects

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"Coinage played a central role in the history of the Athenian naval empire of the fifth century BC. It made possible the rise of the empire itself, which was financed through tribute in coinage collected annually from the empire's approximately 200 cities. The empire's downfall was brought about by the wealth in Persian coinage that financed its enemies. This book surveys and illustrates with nearly 200 examples the extraordinary variety of silver and gold coinages that were employed in the history of the period, minted by cities within the empire and by those cities and rulers that came into contact with it. It also examines how coins supplement the literary sources and even attest to developments in the monetary history of the period that would otherwise be unknown. This is an accessible introduction both to the history of the Athenian empire and to the use of coins as evidence"

Antiquities. --- Coinage --- Coinage. --- Coins, Greek --- Coins, Greek. --- Finance, Public --- Finance, Public. --- History --- Taxation --- Taxation. --- War and society --- War and society. --- War --- Sources. --- Economic aspects --- Economic aspects. --- To 1500. --- Athens (Greece) --- Greece --- Greece. --- Sources --- Numismatique grecque. --- Duties --- Fee system (Taxation) --- Tax policy --- Tax reform --- Taxation, Incidence of --- Taxes --- Revenue --- Armed conflict (War) --- Conflict, Armed (War) --- Fighting --- Hostilities --- Wars --- International relations --- Military art and science --- Society and war --- Sociology --- Civilians in war --- Sociology, Military --- Legal tender --- Mints --- Money --- Silver question --- Social aspects --- al-Yūnān --- Ancient Greece --- Ellada --- Ellas --- Ellēnikē Dēmokratia --- Elliniki Dimokratia --- Grčija --- Grèce --- Grecia --- Gret︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Griechenland --- Hellada --- Hellas --- Hellenic Republic --- Hellēnikē Dēmokratia --- Kingdom of Greece --- République hellénique --- Royaume de Grèce --- Vasileion tēs Hellados --- Xila --- Yaṿan --- Yūnān --- Ελληνική Δημοκρατία --- Ελλάς --- Ελλάδα --- Греция --- اليونان --- يونان --- 希腊 --- Cameralistics --- Public finance --- Public finances --- Currency question --- Greek coins --- Numismatique grecque