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Nuclear weapons. --- Nuclear weapons --- History.

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Weapons in art.

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Nerve agents are the world's deadliest means of chemical warfare. Nazi Germany developed the first military-grade nerve agents and massive industry for their manufacture - yet, strangely, the Third Reich never used them. At the end of the Second World War, the Allies were stunned to discover this advanced and extensive programme. The Soviets and Western powers embarked on a new arms race, amassing huge chemical arsenals. From their Nazi invention to the 2018 Novichok attack in Britain, the author uncovers nerve agents' gradual spread across the world, despite international arms control efforts. They have been deployed in the Iran-Iraq War, by terrorists in Japan, in the Syrian Civil War, and by assassins in Malaysia and Salisbury - always with bitter consequences.

NERVE GASES--HISTORY --- CHEMICAL WEAPONS

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United States. --- Weapons systems --- Costs.

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This report discusses terrorist and armed group activity in the Libyan Fezzan (southwestern Libya) as well as these groups' ties to local tribes. Since the downfall of Mu'ammar Qaddafi in 2011, Libya has become a hotspot for militias, criminal gangs, and jihadists. The geographic focal points of terrorist groups are shifting, however. In the northern part of the country, the territorial concentrations of these groups were largely defeated by 2017; conversely, in the Fezzan and the neighbouring countries of the Sahel, jihadi groups have proven resilient. In spite of international airstrikes and attacks by some Libyan forces (notably, the Libyan National Army or LNA), jihadi groups have survived, adapted their communication tactics to the local context and even engaged in lucrative criminal activities across the Fezzan-Sahel borders, further blurring the lines between jihadist and criminal networks.

Terrorism. --- Security, International. --- Weapons of mass destruction.