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The pre-requisite of the Platform Society is the 'digital': Internet accessibility and connection speed become determining factors for platforms and users. However, the International Telecommunication Union data confirm that the possibility of Internet connection remains profoundly uneven.

Digital divide.

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Myanmar has experienced a series of total and partial internet shutdowns since the military coup in February 2021. These restrictions have varied in intensity across the country and over time, ranging from the complete shutdown of all wireless broadband services and nightly shutdowns of fixed line services between February and April 2021, followed by limited access to a whitelist of websites and services and intermittent subnational shutdowns starting in May 2021. The restrictions on internet access have had a profound impact on investments in the sector, subsequently affecting the growth of digital infrastructure and digitally enabled services in Myanmar. Internet restrictions have also had important implications on household welfare, firm operations, and growth of the digital economy in Myanmar. New regulations, market exit by private sector providers, and continued internet restrictions threaten to reverse the progress made over the last decade. Continued internet restrictions can lead to further restraint of online economic activity and closure of many young digital start-ups that rely on consistent, reliable, and widespread internet adoption to reach markets.

Digital divide. --- Information technology. --- Telecommunication

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A leading researcher explores digital disparity and the pandemic and asks: how did people of different backgrounds use digital media to negotiate the challenges of isolation, unemployment, home schooling, remote work, and COVID-19 itself? And how did digital technology intersect with existing social and economic disparities? Although it is undeniable that technologies helped facilitate numerous important activities during lockdown, needing to be tethered constantly to digital media has not worked out equally well for everyone.

Digital divide --- Digital media --- Information society --- Covid-19 (Disease)

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This report offers a framework for defining civic infrastructure and presents some measures that provide information to help monitor civic infrastructure across the United States, in individual states, in communities, and across diverse populations. The authors specifically define civic infrastructure as the places, policies, programs, and practices that undergird strong communities and foster civic engagement. The framework categorizes these places, policies, programs, and practices in terms of three inputs: (1) democratic governance, (2) civic education, and (3) civic spaces. The authors also consider how these inputs are related to a set of intertwined outputs: (1) civic literacy, (2) civic identity, and (3) civic engagement. They then identify a set of existing measures across a range of data sources that provide information about the status of these inputs and outputs in the United States. This research has some implications for research, policy, and practice. First, more research is needed to test and confirm the definition, framework, and measures in this report. Second, federal and state policies could increase collection and availability of measures. Lastly, this research suggests considerable variation across states and communities in regard to rights and access to many aspects of civic infrastructure framework - from democratic governance, civic education, and civic spaces to the outputs of civic literacy, identity, and engagement. For that reason, this work implies the urgent need for more efforts to measure equitable access to and participation in aspects of civic infrastructure, both to monitor the health of democracy and to determine ways of improving it.

Political participation --- Civics --- Democracy --- Digital divide --- Media literacy --- Study and teaching

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Communication écrite Etat-citoyens : défis numériques, perspectives rédactologiques, présente un panorama de recherches qui révèle combien la rédactologie est un levier extraordinaire pour permettre une meilleure communication entre l'Etat et les citoyens, réduire la fracture numérique avec les plus fragilisés et viser l'inclusion de toute la population en adoptant un langage clair, personnalisé et bienveillant. Ce collectif, destiné aussi bien aux chercheurs intéressés par les sciences de l'écrit qu'aux rédacteurs professionnels ou aux acteurs du gouvernement chargés de simplifier leurs communications, s'articule autour de trois axes : 1. Rédactologie et intervention en simplification 2. Fracture numérique et inclusion 3. Du document à l'écosystème informationnel

Government report writing --- Communication in politics --- Digital divide --- Rédaction administrative --- Communication en politique --- Administration électronique --- Fracture numérique