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This Element presents a philosophical exploration of the notion of scientific representation. It does so by focussing on an important class of scientific representations, namely scientific models. Models are important in the scientific process because scientists can study a model to discover features of reality. But what does it mean for something to represent something else? This is the question discussed in this Element. The authors begin by disentangling different aspects of the problem of representation and then discuss the dominant accounts in the philosophical literature: the resemblance view and inferentialism. They find them both wanting and submit that their own preferred option, the so-called DEKI account, not only eschews the problems that beset these conceptions, but further provides a comprehensive answer to the question of how scientific representation works. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Science --- Philosophy. --- Methodology. --- Scientific method --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science
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Retrouver une sensibilité au monde, aux êtres et aux choses qui le composent, cultiver l'art d'observer. Cette invitation, aussi nécessaire que louable, est sur toutes les lèvres. Les manuels abondent, de la botanique à l'analyse de paysages en passant par l'anthropologie ou l'urbanisme. Mais dans ces ouvrages, les modalités d'observation tiennent en général en quelques pages de conseils ; comme si les manières de construire l'attention perceptive au monde étaient déjà acquises. Or, il s'agit là d'une capacité cognitive qui s'apprend, se cultive et se nourrit. Dès lors, comment faire concrètement ? Par où démarrer ? Avec quoi se lancer ? Ce livre répond à ces questions au moyen d'une série d'exercices inspirés des façons de faire des écrivains, des anthropologues, des ethnographes, des designers ou des artistes. Présenté sous la forme de consignes à mettre en pratique, ce livre-ressource invite le lecteur à devenir lui-même un explorateur de ce que Georges Perec appelait l'"infra-ordinaire".
Observation (Scientific method) --- Participant observation --- Social sciences --- Observation (psychologie) --- Perception visuelle --- Anthropologie --- Méthodologie --- Observation (Psychology) --- Visual perception --- Anthropology --- Observation (Méthode scientifique) --- Methodology
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"An argument that science is indeed 'socially constructed' but in a way that exposes it to a Darwinian version of variability and selection which ensures its success"--
Science --- Knowledge, Theory of. --- Sciences --- Théorie de la connaissance. --- epistemology. --- Philosophy. --- Methodology. --- Méthodologie. --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- Scientific method --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- SCIENCE / Philosophy & Social Aspects --- SCIENCE / History --- PHILOSOPHY / Epistemology
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"Introduces a new field of study adapted from STS that the author refers to as art, science, and technology studies"--
History of science --- History of art & design styles: c 1800 to c 1900 --- Philosophy: epistemology & theory of knowledge --- History of art --- Philosophy: epistemology and theory of knowledge --- Art and science. --- Science and the arts. --- Science --- Experiential learning. --- Methodology. --- SCIENCE / History --- ART / History / General --- PHILOSOPHY / Epistemology --- Experience-based learning --- Learning, Experiential --- Experience --- Learning --- Active learning --- Scientific method --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Arts and science --- Arts --- Science and art
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"A novel attempt to explain why teens and adults often struggle with scientific explanation even thought young children clearly possess impressive causal reasoning skills"--
Science --- Reasoning in children. --- Scientific ability. --- Constructivism (Education) --- Methodology. --- Study and teaching --- Psychological aspects. --- Natural science --- Natural sciences --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Science ability --- Ability --- Reasoning (Child psychology) --- Child psychology --- Scientific method --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Cognitive-developmental theory --- Constructionism (Education) --- Constructivist education --- Piagetian theory of cognitive development --- Education --- Learning, Psychology of --- Causal reasoning --- scientific thinking --- rational constructivism --- causal graphical models --- cognitive development --- science education --- science --- informal learning --- PSYCHOLOGY / Cognitive Neuroscience & Cognitive Neuropsychology --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Childrens Studies --- PSYCHOLOGY / Developmental / Child
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From a star theoretical physicist, a journey into the world of particle physics and the cosmos--and a call for a more just practice of science.
United States --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Astrophysics --- Cosmology --- African Americans --- Feminism --- Feminist theory --- Science --- Elementary particles (Physics) --- High energy physics --- Nuclear particles --- Nucleons --- Nuclear physics --- Study and teaching --- Methodology --- Feminist philosophy --- Feminist sociology --- Theory of feminism --- Scientific method --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Emancipation of women --- Feminist movement --- Women --- Women's lib --- Women's liberation --- Women's liberation movement --- Women's movement --- Social movements --- Anti-feminism --- African American studies --- Afro-American studies --- Black studies --- Astronomy --- Deism --- Metaphysics --- Astronomical physics --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Philosophy --- Emancipation --- United States of America --- Sexual division of labour --- Racism --- Blackness --- Black feminism --- Book --- Experiences
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How scientific advances in genetic modification will fundamentally change the natural worldThe process of manipulating the genetic material of one animal to include the DNA of another creates a new transgenic organism. Several animals, notably goats, mice, sheep, and cattle are now genetically modified in this way. In Our Transgenic Future, Lisa Jean Moore wonders what such scientific advances portend. Will the natural world become so modified that it ceases to exist? After turning species into hybrids, can we ever get back to the original, or are they forever lost? Does genetic manipulation make better lives possible, and if so, for whom?Moore centers the story on goats that have been engineered by the US military and civilian scientists using the DNA of spiders. The goat's milk contains a spider-silk protein fiber; it can be spun into ultra-strong fabric that can be used to manufacture lightweight military body armor. Researchers also hope the transgenically produced spider silk will revolutionize medicine with biocompatible medical inserts such as prosthetics and bandages. Based on in-depth research with spiders in Florida and transgenic goats in Utah, Our Transgenic Future focuses on how these spidergoats came into existence, the researchers who maintain them, the funders who have made their lives possible, and how they fit into the larger science of transgenics and synthetics. This book is a fascinating story about the possibilities of science and the likely futures that may come.
Animal genetic engineering --- Goats --- Nature --- Nephila maculata --- Transgenic animals --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Genetic engineering --- History. --- Effect of human beings on. --- Assisted Reproductive Technology. --- Captivity. --- Charlotte's Web. --- Collection. --- Darwin. --- Ethnography. --- Florida. --- GMOs. --- Goats. --- Invertebrates. --- LGBTQ issues. --- Purity. --- Queerness. --- Reflexivity. --- Reproduction. --- Silk. --- Spider Silk. --- Spiders. --- Synthetic Biology. --- Transgenic. --- Transgenics. --- Venture Capitalism. --- artificial. --- bench science. --- biomaterials. --- commodification. --- danger. --- domestication. --- extractin. --- face cream. --- future. --- innovation. --- lactation. --- mammals. --- milk. --- mothering. --- natural. --- protein. --- purification. --- reproduction. --- scientific method. --- social change. --- spider silk products. --- spider silk protein. --- standardization. --- synthetic. --- transgenic. --- unnatural.
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Quantum physicist, New York Times bestselling author, and BBC host Jim Al-Khalili reveals how 8 lessons from the core of science can help you get the most out of lifeToday’s world is unpredictable and full of contradictions, and navigating its complexities while trying to make the best decisions is far from easy. The Joy of Science presents 8 short lessons on how to unlock the clarity, empowerment, and joy of thinking and living a little more scientifically.In this brief guide to living a more rational life, acclaimed physicist Jim Al-Khalili invites readers to engage with the world as scientists have been trained to do. The scientific method has served humankind well in its quest to see things as they really are, and underpinning the scientific method are core principles that can help us all navigate modern life more confidently. Discussing the nature of truth and uncertainty, the role of doubt, the pros and cons of simplification, the value of guarding against bias, the importance of evidence-based thinking, and more, Al-Khalili shows how the powerful ideas at the heart of the scientific method are deeply relevant to the complicated times we live in and the difficult choices we make.Read this book and discover the joy of science. It will empower you to think more objectively, see through the fog of your own preexisting beliefs, and lead a more fulfilling life.
Science --- SCIENCE / Philosophy & Social Aspects. --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- Philosophy. --- Accuracy and precision. --- Anecdotal evidence. --- Appeal to emotion. --- Availability. --- Behavioural sciences. --- Billionaire. --- Body of knowledge. --- Certainty. --- Chemist. --- Cognitive dissonance. --- Confirmation bias. --- Conspiracy theory. --- Convenience. --- Cosmological constant. --- Cultural relativism. --- Discovery (observation). --- Echinus esculentus. --- Education. --- Efficacy. --- Empathy. --- Empirical evidence. --- Everyday life. --- Explanation. --- Fact. --- Fixation (histology). --- Humility. --- Hypothesis. --- IT Works. --- Ideology. --- Illusory superiority. --- Invention. --- Know thyself. --- Logical reasoning. --- Moral relativism. --- Natural science. --- Nature of Science. --- Objectivity (philosophy). --- Objectivity (science). --- Observation. --- Phenomenon. --- Philosophy of science. --- Physicist. --- Prediction. --- Prince Charming. --- Quantum mechanics. --- Rationality. --- Real image. --- Reality. --- Reason. --- Reproducibility. --- Result. --- Science. --- Scientific enterprise. --- Scientific evidence. --- Scientific literacy. --- Scientific method. --- Scientific realism. --- Scientific theory. --- Scientist. --- Sense of wonder. --- Special relativity. --- Sustainable living. --- Technology. --- The Better Angels of Our Nature. --- The Nature of Truth. --- Theoretical physics. --- Theory. --- Uncertainty. --- Understanding. --- Wishful thinking. --- World view.
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