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A prominent scholar once noted that lotteries in politics & society--to break vote ties, assign students to schools, draft people into the military, select juries--are 'at first thought absurd, & at second thought obvious.' Lotteries have been part of politics since the Greek & Roman times, & they are used widely in American politics today.

Lotteries. --- Decision making. --- Political science --- Decision-making in political science --- Deciding --- Decision (Psychology) --- Decision analysis --- Decision processes --- Making decisions --- Management --- Management decisions --- Choice (Psychology) --- Problem solving --- Gambling --- Decision making

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This thoroughly revised and updated second edition analyses in detail the current development of private international law at European Union level. Peter Stone examines the provisions of, and the case-law on, measures such as the Brussels I Regulation on civil jurisdiction and judgments; the Rome I and II Regulations on the law applicable to contractual and non-contractual obligations; the Brussels IIA Regulation on matrimonial proceedings and parental responsibility; Regulation 4/2009 on maintenance; and Regulation 1346/2000 on insolvency proceedings. The author welcomes, in principle, the mo

Conflict of laws --- Law

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A prominent scholar once noted that lotteries in politics and society - to break vote ties, assign students to schools, draft people into the military, select juries - are "at first thought absurd, and at second thought obvious." Lotteries have been part of politics since the Greek and Roman times, and they are used frequently in American politics today. When there is a two-to-two vote tie for prospective school board members, officials will often resort to flipping a coin (as happened recently in California). And in military drafts, the conventional wisdom is that random selection is far more just than non-lottery drafts. Northerners rioted against the perceived injustice of the non-random draft during the Civil War, and Americans by and large believed that student deferments subverted the justice of the draft during the Vietnam War. Over the years, people who study and practice politics have devoted considerable effort to thinking about the legitimacy of lotteries and whether they are just or not under certain circumstances. Yet they have really only focused on lotteries on a case-by-case basis, and no one has ever developed a substantial and comprehensive political theory of lotteries. In The Luck of the Draw, Peter Stone does just that. Examining the wide range of arguments for and against lotteries, Stone comes to the startling conclusion that lotteries have only one crucial effect relevant to decision-making: they have the "sanitizing effect" of preventing decisions from being made on the basis of reasons. Stone readily admits that this rationale might sound absurd to us, but contends that in many instances it is vital for people to make decisions without any reasoned rationale to compel them. Sometimes, justice can only be carried out through random selection - a fundamental principle of the practice of lottery that Stone comes to call "The Just Lottery Rule." By developing innovative ways for interpreting this pervasive form of political practice, Stone provides us with a foundation for understanding how to best make use of lottery when making political decisions both large and small.

Lotteries --- Decision making --- Political science

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Robotics technology has recently advanced to the point of being widely accessible for relatively low-budget research, as well as for graduate, undergraduate, and even secondary and primary school education. This lecture provides an example of how to productively use a cutting-edge advanced robotics platform for education and research by providing a detailed case study with the Sony AIBO robot, a vision-based legged robot. The case study used for this lecture is the UT Austin Villa RoboCup Four-Legged Team. This lecture describes both the development process and the technical details of its end result. The main contributions of this lecture are (i) a roadmap for new classes and research groups interested in intelligent autonomous robotics who are starting from scratch with a new robot, and (ii) documentation of the algorithms behind our own approach on the AIBOs with the goal of making them accessible for use on other vision-based and/or legged robot platforms.

Artificial intelligence. --- Machine learning. --- Neural networks (Computer science). --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Machine Learning. --- Mathematical Models of Cognitive Processes and Neural Networks.