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According to tradition, the First Crusade began at the instigation of Pope Urban II and culminated in July 1099, when thousands of western European knights liberated Jerusalem from the rising menace of Islam. But what if the First Crusade's real catalyst lay far to the east of Rome? In this groundbreaking book, countering nearly a millennium of scholarship, Peter Frankopan reveals the untold history of the First Crusade.Nearly all historians of the First Crusade focus on the papacy and its willing warriors in the West, along with innumerable popular tales of bravery, tragedy, and resilience. In sharp contrast, Frankopan examines events from the East, in particular from Constantinople, seat of the Christian Byzantine Empire. The result is revelatory. The true instigator of the First Crusade, we see, was the Emperor Alexios I Komnenos, who in 1095, with his realm under siege from the Turks and on the point of collapse, begged the pope for military support. Basing his account on long-ignored eastern sources, Frankopan also gives a provocative and highly original explanation of the world-changing events that followed the First Crusade. The Vatican's victory cemented papal power, while Constantinople, the heart of the still-vital Byzantine Empire, never recovered. As a result, both Alexios and Byzantium were consigned to the margins of history. From Frankopan's revolutionary work, we gain a more faithful understanding of the way the taking of Jerusalem set the stage for western Europe's dominance up to the present day and shaped the modern world.

Crusades --- Barons' Crusade, 1096-1099 --- First Crusade, 1096-1099 --- Princes' Crusade, 1096-1099 --- Alexius --- Alexios --- Comnenus, Alexius, --- Komnēnos, Alexios, --- Kumnīn, Aliksiyūs, --- Alexis --- Comnène, Alexis, --- Komnin, Alekseĭ, --- Byzantine Empire --- History

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Crusades --- 940.181 --- -Church history --- Middle Ages --- Chivalry --- Kruistochten --- Peter the Hermit --- -Kruistochten --- 940.181 Kruistochten --- Peter of Amiens --- Pierre d'Achères --- Peter de Kluizenaar --- -940.181 Kruistochten --- Barons' Crusade, 1096-1099 --- First Crusade, 1096-1099 --- Princes' Crusade, 1096-1099 --- Peter, --- Pierre, --- First, 1096-1099 --- Church history --- Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Pierre l'Ermite --- Middle Ages, 500-1500 --- Crusades - First, 1096-1099

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Crusades --- Croisades --- Jerusalem --- Jérusalem --- History --- Histoire --- -Church history --- Middle Ages --- Chivalry --- -History --- -Crusades --- -Jerusalem --- Jérusalem --- Barons' Crusade, 1096-1099 --- First Crusade, 1096-1099 --- Princes' Crusade, 1096-1099 --- Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem --- Latin Orient --- Palestine --- Crusades - First, 1096-1099 --- Première Croisade

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Robert --- Crusades --- Nobility --- Barons' Crusade, 1096-1099 --- First Crusade, 1096-1099 --- Princes' Crusade, 1096-1099 --- Robert, --- Robert Curthose, --- Great Britain --- Normandy (France) --- History --- Noblesse --- Croisades --- Biography. --- Biographie --- Grande-Bretagne --- Normandie (France) --- Histoire --- Robert II (duc de Normandie ; 1054?-1134) --- 1066-1154 (Période normande) --- 911-1204

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This detailed biography offers a reappraisal of the career of Robert Curthose, William the Conqueror's eldest son and duke of Normandy from 1087 to 1106, locating the duke's career in the social, cultural and political context ofthe period. Robert's relationship with members of his family shaped the political landscape of England and Normandy for much of the late eleventh and early twelfth centuries: indeed, even after his incarceration, from 1106 to 1134, his son William Clito (d. 1128) continued the fight against Robert's brother, Henry I. Twice driven into exile, Robert defeated his father in battle and eventually succeeded to the duchy of Normandy, although the throne of England was seized by William Rufus and then Henry I.

Nobility --- Crusades --- Robert --- Great Britain --- Normandy (France) --- History --- Barons' Crusade, 1096-1099 --- First Crusade, 1096-1099 --- Princes' Crusade, 1096-1099 --- Robert, --- Robert Curthose, --- First Crusade. --- Robert Curthose. --- Western Europe. --- William the Conqueror. --- chivalric hero. --- medieval England. --- medieval duchy of Normandy. --- royal perspective.