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Government policy refers primarily to the actions planned and implemented by the executive branch of a state to meet its society's needs. One of the most demanding areas both for policy makers and in terms of people's expectations is health, which social analysts and historians place among the most dynamic sectors over the last century. This is the focus of this book. It includes examinations of two of the most pressing issues facing national healthcare services today - 'Health systems at the stage of complexity: the need for collaborative intelligence' by Constantino Sakellarides et al. and 'Longer and better lives: the European fountain of youth' by Patrice Bourdelais - alongside historical analyses covering both earlier periods - 'Not just one countryside: life chances in pre-industrial Sweden' by Jan Sundin and 'Health care and poor relief in Portugal: an historical perspective' by Laurinda Abreu - and more recent times - 'The roots of the health reform in Spain' by Enrique Perdiguero-Gil e Josep M. Comelles. As the authors in this volume show in detail, population growth and increased quality of life have been among the greatest achievements of the second half of the twentieth century, but they should not be taken for granted. The fragility of these gains has been demonstrated statistically. The state has to invest in the public policies that best protect its citizens, particularly at times of low economic growth such as we are now experiencing, and take preventive action to preclude major social and economic costs. Civil society plays no less important a role in protecting the greater good of social cohesion. In short, both state and civil society need to consider future health policy in such a way as to overcome the inefficiencies of the past and make full use of the opportunities offered by science and technology to improve people's quality of life.

Public Administration.

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Government policy refers primarily to the actions planned and implemented by the executive branch of a state to meet its society's needs. One of the most demanding areas both for policy makers and in terms of people's expectations is health, which social analysts and historians place among the most dynamic sectors over the last century. This is the focus of this book. It includes examinations of two of the most pressing issues facing national healthcare services today - 'Health systems at the stage of complexity: the need for collaborative intelligence' by Constantino Sakellarides et al. and 'Longer and better lives: the European fountain of youth' by Patrice Bourdelais - alongside historical analyses covering both earlier periods - 'Not just one countryside: life chances in pre-industrial Sweden' by Jan Sundin and 'Health care and poor relief in Portugal: an historical perspective' by Laurinda Abreu - and more recent times - 'The roots of the health reform in Spain' by Enrique Perdiguero-Gil e Josep M. Comelles. As the authors in this volume show in detail, population growth and increased quality of life have been among the greatest achievements of the second half of the twentieth century, but they should not be taken for granted. The fragility of these gains has been demonstrated statistically. The state has to invest in the public policies that best protect its citizens, particularly at times of low economic growth such as we are now experiencing, and take preventive action to preclude major social and economic costs. Civil society plays no less important a role in protecting the greater good of social cohesion. In short, both state and civil society need to consider future health policy in such a way as to overcome the inefficiencies of the past and make full use of the opportunities offered by science and technology to improve people's quality of life.

Public Administration.

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O presente estudo desenvolve-se em torno das elites de Évora ao tempo da dominação filipina, e das suas estratégias de controlo do poder na referida cidade. Materializar-se-á na análise de dois importantes pólos de poder que contribuíram para a definição das elites locais no Antigo Regime, e que foram estruturantes do poder politico a nível local: a Câmara Municipal e a Misericórdia de Évora. Partindo desse pressuposto este trabalho procurará identificar a estrutura do poder local, e reconstruir a composição social das elites que o controlaram. De igual modo,procurar-se-á definir as estratégias de conquista e manutenção do poder que os grupos de elite de Évora utilizaram nos sessenta anos do governo Filipino, assim como o seu comportamento perante algumas conjunturas de agitação social e política, como foram as verificadas nos primeiros e nos últimos anos dos Habsburgos em Portugal.

Elite (Social sciences) --- History. --- Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Évora --- Évora (Portugal) --- Politics and government. --- Elites (Social sciences) --- Leadership --- Power (Social sciences) --- Social classes --- Social groups --- Évora, Portugal. --- Évora, Portugal --- Évora --- estratégia oligárquica --- elite local --- câmara municipal --- Misericórdia

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"This edited volume originates in the 2011 conference of the International Network for the History of Hospitals, held in Lisbon and Évora, Portugal. It focuses on how institutions for the care and cure of the sick have organised their activities at every level, from the delegation of medical treatments between groups of practitioners, to the provision of food and supplies and the impact of convalescence on lengths of hospital stays. It draws on new European and North American research which highlights an area of medical history that has not yet had adequate, sustained attention, discussing the tensions between theory and practice and between patients and practitioners. Through detailed case studies and comparative analyses it explores the changing and evolving understanding of the function of hospitals, and their wider relationships with their communities."--Publisher description.

Hospital. --- Krankenhaus. --- Krankenpflege. --- Krankenhauspersonal. --- History, Early Modern 1451-1600. --- History, Modern 1601-. --- Lissabon <2011>. --- Geschichte. --- Hospital Administration --- Hospital patients --- Hospitals --- Hospitals. --- Medicine --- History. --- Care --- Care. --- Administration --- Administration. --- Practice --- Practice.