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Industrialization --- Industries --- Industrial production --- Industry --- Economics --- Industrial development --- Economic development --- Economic policy --- Deindustrialization --- History --- Working class --- Industrialisation --- Travailleurs --- Social aspects --- Histoire --- Aspect social --- France --- Economic conditions --- Social conditions --- Industrie --- Conditions économiques --- Conditions sociales --- History. --- Industries, Primitive --- FRANCE --- INDUSTRIE --- INDUSTRIALISATION --- CONDITIONS ECONOMIQUES --- 19E-20E SIECLES --- CONDITIONS SOCIALES --- HISTOIRE
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Electricity --- Electrical engineering --- History of civilization --- anno 1700-1799 --- anno 1800-1999 --- anno 2000-2099 --- Electrification --- Power resources --- Electricité --- Ressources énergétiques --- History --- Histoire --- Électricité --- Aspect social --- Social aspects --- Electricité --- Ressources énergétiques --- Histoire. --- Aspect social.
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Oil is undoubtedly rather more than a mere hydrocarbon. It is a development factor, an essential element in energy balances, a strategic weapon, a resource characterized by unequal distribution, and also by unequal consumption. For more than a century now, it has showed its importance, whether during periods of crisis, or at times of strong growth. Under such circumstances, few countries have allowed mere market laws to operate freely. Whether visible or discreet, the hand of the State has been present in many cases, depending on different purposes and taking various forms. Hence national companies developed, if only in order to deal with the Majors and their greatly feared power. One finds examples of national companies both in Western Europe and in certain developing countries that have substantial resources on their soil. Those companies did not all experience the same destiny, but they have sometimes influenced the rules of the oil game. The colloquium held in Paris in 2003 («National oil companies: history, characteristics, comparisons from the inter-war period to the end of the 20th century») provided some new facts and viewpoints in connection with this history, still relatively unknown. You will read contributions here from various horizons making it possible to illuminate the present and the near future, since oil industry issues continue to challenge the world.
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What interpretation(s) do today’s historians make of electrification? Electrification is a process which began almost a hundred and fifty years ago but which more than one billion men and women still do not have access to. This book displays the social diversity of the electric worlds and of the approaches to their history. It updates the historical knowledge and shows the renewal of the historiography in both its themes and its approaches. Four questions about the passage to the electrical age are raised: which innovations or combination of innovations made this passage a reality? According to which networks and appropriation? Evolving thanks to which tensions and alliances? And resulting in which transition and accumulation?
Quel(s) regard(s) les historiens d’aujourd’hui portent-ils sur l’électrification, processus engagé il y a près de cent cinquante ans mais auquel plus d’un milliard d’hommes et de femmes restent encore étrangers ? Le présent volume rend compte de la diversité des mondes sociaux électriques et des manières d’enquêter sur leur histoire. Il actualise les connaissances et témoigne du renouvellement de l’historiographie, dans ses objets et ses approches. Quatre points d’interrogation sur le basculement des sociétés dans l’âge électrique jalonnent le volume : moyennant quelles créations ou combinaisons créatrices ? En vertu de quelles circulations et appropriations ? Selon quelles tensions et alliances ? Et produisant quelles transitions et accumulations ?
Education --- Computer network resources. --- Electricity --- Electric industries --- History. --- Industries --- 19th–21st --- Beltran --- Circulations --- Creations --- Electric --- Électricité --- électrification --- électriques --- énergie --- Histoire --- Mondes --- Tensions --- Transitions --- Worlds
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ELECTRICITE --- HISTOIRE --- 19E-20E SIECLES
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