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Imagine a world without things. There would be nothing to describe, explain, remark on, interpret, or complain about. Without things, we would, in short, stop speaking ; we would become as mute as objects are alleged to be. In nine original essays, internationally renowned historians of art and of science seek to understand how objects become charged with significance without losing their gritty materiality. Things That Talk aims to escape the opposition between positivist facts and cultural readings that bifurcates the current historiography of both art and science. Confronting this impasse from an interdisciplinary perspective, each author singles out one object for close attention : a Bosch drawing, the freestanding column, a Prussian island, soap bubbles, early photographs, glass flowers, Rorschach blots, newspaper clippings, paintings by Jackson Pollock. Each object is revealed to be a node around which meanings accrete thickly. But not just any meanings: what these things are made of and how they are made shape what they can mean. Neither the pure texts of semiotics nor the brute objects of positivism, these things are saturated with cultural significance. Things become talkative when they fuse matter and meaning; they lapse into speechlessness when their matter and meanings no longer mesh.

Art and science. --- Semiotics and art. --- Object (Aesthetics) --- Object (Philosophy) --- 7.01 --- 7.03 --- Pollock Jackson --- Grosz George --- collage --- montage --- krantenknipsels --- rorschachtest --- Rorschach Hermann --- plantkunde --- botanica --- fotografie --- zeepbellen --- Pfaueninsel --- eilanden --- zuilen --- architectuur --- Bosch Hieronymus --- designtheorie --- productdesign --- perceptie --- waarneming --- kunsttheorie --- kunst en wtenschap --- kunst --- Philosophy --- Aesthetic object --- Aesthetics --- Art and semiotics --- Art --- Science and art --- Science --- Art et sciences --- Sémiotique et art --- Objet (Esthétique) --- Objet (Philosophie) --- Object (Aesthetics). --- Sémiotique et art --- Objet (Esthétique) --- Art and science --- Semiotics and art --- Semiotics --- Object (Philosophy). --- Sémiotique --- Objet --- Analyse de l'art --- Culture

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Probabilities --- Science --- Probability --- Statistical inference --- Combinations --- Mathematics --- Chance --- Least squares --- Mathematical statistics --- Risk --- History --- History of philosophy --- anno 1700-1799

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A panoramic history of rules in the Western worldRules order almost every aspect of our lives. They set our work hours, dictate how we drive and set the table, tell us whether to offer an extended hand or cheek in greeting, and organize the rites of life, from birth through death. We may chafe under the rules we have, and yearn for ones we don't, yet no culture could do without them. In Rules, historian Lorraine Daston traces their development in the Western tradition and shows how rules have evolved from ancient to modern times. Drawing on a rich trove of examples, including legal treatises, cookbooks, military manuals, traffic regulations, and game handbooks, Daston demonstrates that while the content of rules is dazzlingly diverse, the forms that they take are surprisingly few and long-lived.Daston uncovers three enduring kinds of rules: the algorithms that calculate and measure, the laws that govern, and the models that teach. She vividly illustrates how rules can change-how supple rules stiffen, or vice versa, and how once bothersome regulations become everyday norms. Rules have been devised for almost every imaginable activity and range from meticulous regulations to the laws of nature. Daston probes beneath this variety to investigate when rules work and when they don't, and why some philosophical problems about rules are as ancient as philosophy itself while others are as modern as calculating machines.Rules offers a wide-angle view on the history of the constraints that guide us-whether we know it or not.

Authority. --- Order (Philosophy) --- Algorithms. --- Law. --- Natural law. --- Order (Philosophy). --- General ethics --- World history --- Authority --- Algorithms --- Law --- Natural law --- Computer algorithms. --- Ethics. --- Actin. --- Algorithm. --- Analogy. --- Aphorism. --- Augustine of Hippo. --- Biotope. --- Braid. --- Brain. --- Brightness. --- Calculation. --- Casuistry. --- Cataclysm (Dragonlance). --- Catechism. --- Chapter 33 (G.I. Bill of Rights). --- Charles Babbage. --- Codification (law). --- Computer program. --- Consonant. --- Culprit. --- Cydnidae. --- Cytoplasmic incompatibility. --- Depiction. --- Designer. --- Dictionary. --- Discretion. --- Drosophila. --- Early Modern literature. --- Electricity. --- Electronics. --- Epithelium. --- Fertilisation. --- Fishing. --- Francis Bacon. --- Gamma ray. --- Genre. --- Good and evil. --- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. --- Government debt. --- Gut flora. --- Hannah Glasse. --- Herder. --- His Family. --- Horntail. --- Household. --- Human intelligence (intelligence gathering). --- Human intelligence. --- Imitation. --- Indication (medicine). --- Insect. --- John Herschel. --- Kinase. --- Lactobacillus. --- Lipid. --- Lookup table. --- Mathematician. --- Mathematics. --- Measurement. --- Metabolism. --- Metabolite. --- Metaphysics. --- Microbiota. --- Microorganism. --- Miguel de Cervantes. --- Monochord. --- Nationalism. --- Natural philosophy. --- Obedience (human behavior). --- Organism. --- Parallel Lives. --- Parchment. --- Pathogen. --- Philosophy. --- Phonetics. --- Polykleitos. --- Precept. --- Prerogative. --- Public utility. --- Publishing. --- Reason. --- Result. --- Rule of Saint Benedict. --- Sect. --- Shavian alphabet. --- Shawl. --- Simon Stevin. --- Spelling rule. --- State of nature. --- Statute. --- Straightedge. --- Subtitle (captioning). --- Subtraction. --- Supplication. --- The Nautical Almanac. --- The Opposite Direction. --- Titer. --- Treatise. --- Tropical rainforest. --- Usage. --- Warfare.

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History of civilization

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An award-winning history of the Enlightenment quest to devise a mathematical model of rationalityWhat did it mean to be reasonable in the Age of Reason? Enlightenment mathematicians such as Blaise Pascal, Jakob Bernoulli, and Pierre Simon Laplace sought to answer this question, laboring over a theory of rational decision, action, and belief under conditions of uncertainty. Lorraine Daston brings to life their debates and philosophical arguments, charting the development and application of probability theory by some of the greatest thinkers of the age. Now with an incisive new preface, Classical Probability in the Enlightenment traces the emergence of new kind of mathematics designed to turn good sense into a reasonable calculus.

Probabilities --- Enlightenment --- Probabilities --- Probabilities --- Philosophy. --- Mathematics. --- History --- History