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Human capital and growth : the recovered role of education systems
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Year: 2001 Publisher: Washington, D.C. World Bank

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Intégration régionale et réformes intérieures en Méditerranée
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9264276750 9264282246 Year: 2000 Volume: *115 Publisher: Paris : OECD Publishing,

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Les accords de libéralisation des échanges qui ont été signés entre l'Union européenne et les pays du Sud méditerranéen comportent à la fois des risques et des avantages. Ils révèlent également les faiblesses structurelles des pays partenaires, notamment le maintien de comportements de recherche de rente, le cloisonnement des marchés, la faiblesse du secteur privé moderne et les lacunes des systèmes fiscaux. Ces accords portant uniquement sur les produits industriels et non sur les produits agricoles et les services, la concurrence de l'UE risque de supprimer des emplois dans le secteur industriel national sur le court terme. Les auteurs de cette étude soulignent que ces accords pourraient faciliter la restructuration de l'industrie grâce à des transferts financiers, tout comme ils pourraient inciter les producteurs à se diversifier et leur ouvrir de nouveaux débouchés. La mise en œuvre de ces réformes exigera néanmoins une volonté politique de la part des pays du Sud méditerranéen ainsi que des réformes complémentaires de l'Union européenne qui ouvriraient davantage ses marchés pour y inclure les secteurs actuellement exclus du champ d'application des accords. En outre, l'analyse détaillée que font les auteurs des cas de l'Égypte et de la Tunisie montre qu'une réponse régionale aux défis posés par les accords a toutes les chances de s'avérer plus profitable qu'une réponse purement nationale.

Regional Integration and Internal Reforms in the Mediterranean Area
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9264176756 9789264182240 9789264176751 9786610030767 1280030763 9264182241 Year: 2000 Publisher: Paris : OECD Publishing,

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 The trade liberalisation agreements signed between the European Union and the southern Mediterranean countries carry risks as well as benefits. They reveal structural weaknesses in the partner countries, including continued rent seeking, market segmentation, a weak modern private sector and inadequate fiscal systems. In the short term, since the agreements only cover industrial goods and not agriculture or services, there is a risk of job losses in the domestic industrial sector due to competition from the EU. The authors of this study highlight the opportunities the agreements offer for supporting reforms to encourage industrial restructuring through financial transfers, providing incentives for producers to diversify, and securing new markets. Achieving the reforms, however, will require political will in the southern Mediterranean countries and complementary reforms in the European Union to open its markets further to include those sectors currently excluded from the agreements. Moreover, as demonstrated by the authors' detailed analysis of the Egyptian and Tunisian cases, a regional response to the challenges posed by the agreements is likely to bring more benefits than a purely national response.


Book
Intégration régionale et réformes intérieures en Méditerranée
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9789264282247 Year: 2000 Publisher: Paris : OECD Publishing,

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Abstract

Les accords de libéralisation des échanges qui ont été signés entre l'Union européenne et les pays du Sud méditerranéen comportent à la fois des risques et des avantages. Ils révèlent également les faiblesses structurelles des pays partenaires, notamment le maintien de comportements de recherche de rente, le cloisonnement des marchés, la faiblesse du secteur privé moderne et les lacunes des systèmes fiscaux. Ces accords portant uniquement sur les produits industriels et non sur les produits agricoles et les services, la concurrence de l'UE risque de supprimer des emplois dans le secteur industriel national sur le court terme. Les auteurs de cette étude soulignent que ces accords pourraient faciliter la restructuration de l'industrie grâce à des transferts financiers, tout comme ils pourraient inciter les producteurs à se diversifier et leur ouvrir de nouveaux débouchés. La mise en œuvre de ces réformes exigera néanmoins une volonté politique de la part des pays du Sud méditerranéen ainsi que des réformes complémentaires de l'Union européenne qui ouvriraient davantage ses marchés pour y inclure les secteurs actuellement exclus du champ d'application des accords. En outre, l'analyse détaillée que font les auteurs des cas de l'Égypte et de la Tunisie montre qu'une réponse régionale aux défis posés par les accords a toutes les chances de s'avérer plus profitable qu'une réponse purement nationale.


Article
Politiques de l'environnement et libéralisation des échanges au Costa Rica : Une vue d'ensemble
Authors: ---
Year: 1996 Publisher: Paris : OECD Publishing,

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This paper analyses linkages between growth, trade and the environment in Costa Rica with a Computable General Equilibrium economy-wide model. The investigation considers trade liberalisation and environmental policy reform, and their impact on economic activity and polluting emissions. Environmental taxes are shown to have a small negative impact on growth while allowing a sharp decrease of emissions. Outward orientation promotes growth, but induces a risk of wholesale specialisation in “dirty” activities. Free trade, combined with appropriate effluent taxes, enhance factor reallocation towards competitive industries, and hence growth, while significantly abating emissions ...

Keywords

Development --- Costa Rica


Article
Le rôle du capital public dans la croissance des pays en développement au cours des années 80
Authors: ---
Year: 1996 Publisher: Paris : OECD Publishing,

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This paper analyses the links between growth and public capital for a sample of 28 developing countries over eleven years (1981-91). We estimate a simultaneous equations model to explain the GDP, as well as public and private capital formation. Public, private and human capital are positive and significant factors of growth. Nevertheless, public capital formation has produced crowding-out effects, since the budget constraint was differentiated between public and private sectors. Our results suggest that the majority of the sample countries tended rather to diverge from the optimal allocation of capital — in terms of growth — between public and private sectors ...

Keywords

Development


Article
La libéralisation de l'agriculture tunisienne et l'Union européenne : Une vue prospective
Authors: ---
Year: 1999 Publisher: Paris : OECD Publishing,

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In the context of the partnership agreement signed between Tunisia and the European Union in 1995, talks will begin in the year 2000 on the liberalisation of their agricultural trade. Tunisia’s political attachment to Europe will give the country the opportunity to diversify agricultural policy. Hitherto based on achieving self sufficiency in food, this policy has resulted in poor resource allocation. The goal now is to find the least costly means of reforming Tunisian agricultural policy, particularly for rural households, while seeking the extent to which Europe could help in the transition towards a more dynamic agricultural sector. With the assistance of a dynamic general equilibrium model, this technical paper examines a number of scenarios for Tunisian agriculture towards 2010. It finds that in the absence of EU concessions, which could take the form of the removal of tariff quotas, it would not be in Tunisia’s interest to reduce support for agriculture and lower its own ...

Intégration régionale et réformes intérieures en Méditerranée
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9789264282247 9789264276758 Year: 2000 Publisher: Paris OECD

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Abstract

Les accords de libéralisation des échanges qui ont été signés entre l'Union européenne et les pays du Sud méditerranéen comportent à la fois des risques et des avantages. Ils révèlent également les faiblesses structurelles des pays partenaires, notamment le maintien de comportements de recherche de rente, le cloisonnement des marchés, la faiblesse du secteur privé moderne et les lacunes des systèmes fiscaux. Ces accords portant uniquement sur les produits industriels et non sur les produits agricoles et les services, la concurrence de l'UE risque de supprimer des emplois dans le secteur industriel national sur le court terme. Les auteurs de cette étude soulignent que ces accords pourraient faciliter la restructuration de l'industrie grâce à des transferts financiers, tout comme ils pourraient inciter les producteurs à se diversifier et leur ouvrir de nouveaux débouchés. La mise en œuvre de ces réformes exigera néanmoins une volonté politique de la part des pays du Sud méditerranéen ainsi que des réformes complémentaires de l'Union européenne qui ouvriraient davantage ses marchés pour y inclure les secteurs actuellement exclus du champ d'application des accords. En outre, l'analyse détaillée que font les auteurs des cas de l'Égypte et de la Tunisie montre qu'une réponse régionale aux défis posés par les accords a toutes les chances de s'avérer plus profitable qu'une réponse purement nationale.

Regional integration and internal reforms in the Mediterranean area
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9264176756 9789264182240 9789264176751 Year: 2000 Publisher: Paris OECD

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Abstract

  The trade liberalisation agreements signed between the European Union and the southern Mediterranean countries carry risks as well as benefits. They reveal structural weaknesses in the partner countries, including continued rent seeking, market segmentation, a weak modern private sector and inadequate fiscal systems. In the short term, since the agreements only cover industrial goods and not agriculture or services, there is a risk of job losses in the domestic industrial sector due to competition from the EU. The authors of this study highlight the opportunities the agreements offer for supporting reforms to encourage industrial restructuring through financial transfers, providing incentives for producers to diversify, and securing new markets. Achieving the reforms, however, will require political will in the southern Mediterranean countries and complementary reforms in the European Union to open its markets further to include those sectors currently excluded from the agreements. Moreover, as demonstrated by the authors' detailed analysis of the Egyptian and Tunisian cases, a regional response to the challenges posed by the agreements is likely to bring more benefits than a purely national response.  The trade liberalisation agreements signed between the European Union and the southern Mediterranean countries carry risks as well as benefits. They reveal structural weaknesses in the partner countries, including continued rent seeking, market segmentation, a weak modern private sector and inadequate fiscal systems. In the short term, since the agreements only cover industrial goods and not agriculture or services, there is a risk of job losses in the domestic industrial sector due to competition from the EU.The authors of this study highlight the opportunities the agreements offer for supporting reforms to encourage industrial restructuring through financial transfers, providing incentives for producers to diversify, and securing new markets. Achieving the reforms, however, will require political will in the southern Mediterranean countries and complementary reforms in the European Union to open its markets further to include those sectors currently excluded from the agreements. Moreover, as demonstrated by the authors' detailed analysis of the Egyptian and Tunisian cases, a regional response to the challenges posed by the agreements is likely to bring more benefits than a purely national response.


Article
Le rôle du capital public dans la croissance des pays en développement au cours des années 80
Authors: ---
Year: 1996 Publisher: Paris : OECD Publishing,

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Abstract

This paper analyses the links between growth and public capital for a sample of 28 developing countries over eleven years (1981-91). We estimate a simultaneous equations model to explain the GDP, as well as public and private capital formation. Public, private and human capital are positive and significant factors of growth. Nevertheless, public capital formation has produced crowding-out effects, since the budget constraint was differentiated between public and private sectors. Our results suggest that the majority of the sample countries tended rather to diverge from the optimal allocation of capital — in terms of growth — between public and private sectors ...

Keywords

Development

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