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The projection of light rays onto the retina of the eye forms a two-dimensional image, but through combining the stereoscopic aspect of vision with other optical clues by means of some remarkably effective image-processing procedures, the viewer is able to perceive three-dimensional representations of scenes. From Images to Surfaces proposes and examines a specific image-processing procedure to account for this remarkable effect-a computational approach that provides a framework for understanding the transformation of a set of images into a representation of the shapes of surfaces visible in a scene. Although much of the analysis is applicable to any visual information processing system-biological or artificial-Grimson constrains his final choice of computational algorithms to those that are biologically feasible and consistent with what is known about the human visual system. In order to clarify the analysis, the approach distinguishes three independent levels: the computational theory itself, the algorithms employed, and the underlying implementation of the computation, in this case through the human neural mechanisms. This separation into levels facilitates the generation of specific models from general concepts. This research effort had its origin in a theory of human stereo vision recently developed by David Marr and Tomaso Poggio. Grimson presents a computer implementation of this theory that serves to test its adequacy and provide feedback for the identification of unsuspected problems embedded in it. The author then proceeds to apply and extend the theory in his analysis of surface interpolation through the computational methodology. This methodology allows the activity of the human early visual system to be followed through several stages: the Primal Sketch, in which intensity changes at isolated points on a surface are noted; the Raw 2.5-D Sketch, in which surface values at these points are computed; and the Full 2.5-D Sketch, in which these values--ncluding stereo and motion perception--are interpolated over the entire surface. These stages lead to the final 3-D Model, in which the three-dimensional shapes of objects, in object-centered coordinates, are made explicit.

Computer graphics --- #TELE:d.d. Prof. A. J. J. Oosterlinck --- Automatic drafting --- Graphic data processing --- Graphics, Computer --- Computer art --- Graphic arts --- Electronic data processing --- Engineering graphics --- Image processing --- Digital techniques --- Binocular vision --- -Vision --- Panum's fusional area --- -159.931 Zien. --- 159.931 --- 159.931 Zien. --- Zien. --- Vision --- Data processing --- Zien --- Computer graphics. --- Visual perception --- Data processing. --- Physiology. --- BASIC (Computer program language) --- Infographie --- COMPUTER SCIENCE/General

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This collection of essays by 12 members of the MIT staff, provides an inside report on the scope and expectations of current research in one of the world's major AI centers. The chapters on artificial intelligence, expert systems, vision, robotics, and natural language provide both a broad overview of current areas of activity and an assessment of the field at a time of great public interest and rapid technological progress.Contents: Artificial Intelligence (Patrick H. Winston and Karen Prendergast). KnowledgeBased Systems (Randall Davis). Expert-System Tools and Techniques (Peter Szolovits). Medical Diagnosis: Evolution of Systems Building Expertise (Ramesh S. Patil). Artificial Intelligence and Software Engineering (Charles Rich and Richard C. Waters). Intelligent Natural Language Processing (Robert C. Berwick). Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding (Victor W. Zue). Robot Programming and Artificial Intelligence (Tomas Lozano-Perez). Robot Hands and Tactile Sensing (John M. Hollerbach). Intelligent Vision (Michael Brady). Making Robots See (W. Eric L. Grimson). Autonomous Mobile Robots (Rodney A. Brooks).W. Eric L. Grimson, author of From Images to Surfaces: A Computational Study of the Human Early Vision System (MIT Press 1981), and Ramesh S. Patil are both Assistant Professors in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at MIT. AI in the 1980s and Beyond is included in the Artificial Intelligence Series, edited by Patrick H. Winston and Michael Brady.

Artificial intelligence. --- COMPUTER SCIENCE/Artificial Intelligence --- COMPUTER SCIENCE/General