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Selon une antique tradition, c'est Pythagore qui a inventé l'harmonie. On rapporte qu'un jour, alors qu'il se promenait près d'une forge, il entendit de merveilleuses sonorités et s'aventura à l'intérieur pour en savoir plus. Il y trouva cinq hommes qui frappaient avec cinq marteaux. À sa vive stupéfaction, il découvrit que quatre de ces marteaux avaient entre eux d'admirables rapports de proportion, qui, réunis, allaient lui permettre de reconstituer les lois de la musique. Mais il y en avait aussi un cinquième. Pythagore le vit et l'entendit, mais ne parvint pas à le mesurer ; il ne put davantage rendre raison de ce son discordant. C'est pourquoi il l'écarta. Qu'était-ce donc que ce marteau, pour que Pythagore décidât si résolument de le rejeter ? Dans Le Cinquième Marteau, Daniel Heller-Roazen montre que ce geste mythique donne une clé pour comprendre ce que fut autrefois l'harmonie : théorie des sons musicaux, mais aussi paradigme pour l'étude scientifique du monde sensible. C'est en vertu de l'harmonie que l'on a réussi à transcrire la nature dans les éléments idéaux des mathématiques. Pourtant, à de multiples reprises, cette entreprise s'est heurtée à une limite fondamentale : quelque chose dans la nature lui résiste, refuse de se laisser transcrire dans une série d'unités idéales. Un cinquième marteau continue obstinément à résonner. De la musique à la métaphysique, de l'esthétique à la cosmologie, de Platon et Boèce à Kepler, Leibniz et Kant, Le Cinquième Marteau révèle que les efforts pour ordonner le monde sensible n'ont cessé de suggérer l'existence d'une réalité que ni les notes ni les lettres ne sauraient pleinement transcrire.
Philosophy of nature --- Music --- Pythagoras --- Cosmology --- Music theory --- Hermeneutics (Music) --- Musical aesthetics --- Aesthetics --- Astronomy --- Deism --- Metaphysics --- History --- Philosophy and aesthetics --- Philosophy --- Pythagoras. --- Pitágora --- Pitagora di Samo --- Pitágoras --- Pitágoras de Samos --- Pythagore --- Πυθαγόρας --- فيثاغورس --- Cosmologie --- Musique --- Philosophie --- Proportion --- Esthétique
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Arguably the single most influential literary work of the European Middle Ages, the 'Roman de la Rose' of Guillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meun has traditionally posed a number of difficulties to modern critics, who have viewed its many interruptions and philosophical discussions as signs of a lack of formal organization and a characteristically medieval predilection for encyclopedic summation. In 'Fortune's Faces', Daniel Heller-Roazen calls into question these assessments, offering a new and compelling interpretation of the romance as a carefully constructed and far-reaching exploration of the place of fortune, chance, and contingency in literary writing. Situating the 'Romance of the Rose' at the intersection of medieval literature and philosophy, Heller-Roazen shows how the thirteenth-century work invokes and radicalizes two classical and medieval traditions of reflection on language and contingency: that of the Provenal, French, and Italian love poets, who sought to compose their & 'verses of pure nothing& quot in a language Dante defined as "without grammar," and that of Aristotle's discussion of "future contingents" as it was received and refined in the logic, physics, theology, and epistemology of Boethius, Abelard, Albert the Great, and Thomas Aquinas.Through a close analysis of the poetic text and a detailed reconstruction of the logical and metaphysical concept of contingency, 'Fortune's Faces' charts the transformations that literary structures (such as subjectivity, autobiography, prosopopoeia, allegory, and self-reference) undergo in a work that defines itself as radically contingent. Considered in its full poetic and philosophical dimensions, the 'Romance of the Rose' thus acquires an altogether new significance in the history of literature: it appears as a work that incessantly explores its own capacity to be other than it is.
Guillaume, --- Jean, --- Romance literature. --- Romance literature --- Guillaume, - de Lorris, - active 1230 - Roman de la rose
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Perception (Philosophy) --- Sense (Philosophy) --- Senses and sensation. --- Perception (Philosophy). --- Sense (Philosophy). --- Philosophical anthropology --- Senses and sensation --- Philosophy --- Sensation --- Sensory biology --- Sensory systems --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Neurophysiology --- Psychophysiology --- Perception
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An intellectually adventurous account of the role of nonpersons that explores their depiction in literature and challenges how they are defined in philosophy, law, and anthropology In thirteen interlocking chapters, Absentees explores the role of the missing in human communities, asking an urgent question: How does a person become a nonperson, whether by disappearance, disenfranchisement, or civil, social, or biological death? Only somebody can become a "nobody," but, as Daniel Heller-Roazen shows, the ways of being a nonperson are as diverse and complex as they are mysterious and unpredictable. Heller-Roazen treats the variously missing persons of the subtitle in three parts: Vanishings, Lessenings, and Survivals. In each section and with multiple transhistorical and transcultural examples, he challenges the categories that define nonpersons in philosophy, ethics, law, and anthropology. Exclusion, infamy, and stigma; mortuary beliefs and customs; children's games and state censuses; ghosts and "dead souls" illustrate the lives of those lacking or denied full personhood. In the archives of fiction, Heller-Roazen uncovers figurations of the missing--from Helen of Argos in Troy or Egypt to Hawthorne's Wakefield, Swift's Captain Gulliver, Kafka's undead hunter Gracchus, and Chamisso's long-lived shadowless Peter Schlemihl. Readers of The Enemy of All and No One's Ways will find a continuation of those books' intense intellectual adventures, with unexpected questions and arguments arising every step of the way. In a unique voice, Heller-Roazen's thought and writing capture the intricacies of the all-too-human absent and absented.
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Literature --- 82-1 --- Poëzie --- Italian poetry --- Poetics. --- History and criticism. --- 82-1 Poëzie --- Poetics --- Poetry --- History and criticism --- Technique
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Compétence linguistique--Perte --- Langage et langues --- Language and languages --- Language attrition --- Language loss --- Taal en talen --- Taalbekwaamheid [Verlies van de ] --- #SBIB:39A8 --- #SBIB:309H518 --- Antropologie: linguïstiek, audiovisuele cultuur, antropologie van media en representatie --- Verbale communicatie: sociologie, antropologie, sociolinguistiek --- Bilingualism --- Sociolinguistics --- Foreign languages --- Languages --- Anthropology --- Communication --- Ethnology --- Information theory --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Philology --- Linguistics
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