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This is the first investigation of one of the main interests of astronomy in Islamic civilization, namely, timekeeping by the sun and stars and the regulation of the astronomically-defined times of Muslim prayer. The study is based on over 500 medieval astronomical manuscripts first identified by the author, now preserved in libraries all over the world and originally from the entire Islamic world from the Maghrib to Central Asia and the Yemen. The materials presented provide new insights into the early development of the prayer ritual in Islam. They also call into question the popular notion that religion could not inspire serious scientific activity. Only one of the hundreds of astronomical tables discussed here was known in medieval Europe, which is one reason why the entire corpus has remained unknown until the present. A second volume, also to be published by Brill, deals with astronomical instruments for timekeeping and other computing devices.

522.209 --- 520.953 --- Sciences Astronomy Instruments History --- Sciences Astronomy History Arabia --- Astronomy --- Astronomy, Medieval --- Islam and science --- Time (Islamic law) --- History --- Astronomy, Medieval. --- Islam and science. --- Astronomie --- Astronomie médiévale --- Islam et sciences --- Temps (Droit islamique) --- History. --- Histoire --- Islamic law --- Science and Islam --- Science --- Medieval astronomy --- Islamic countries

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Glass painting and staining, Medieval --- Church of St Peter Mancroft (Norwich, England) --- Church of St. Peter Mancroft (Norwich, England) --- Church of Saint Peter Mancroft (Norwich, England) --- St. Peter Mancroft (Church : Norwich, England) --- Glass painting and staining, Medieval - England - Norwich

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Two remarkable Iranian world-maps were discovered in 1989 and 1995. Both are made of brass and date from 17th-century Iran. Mecca is at the centre and a highly sophisticated longitude and latitude grid enables the user to determine the direction and distance to Mecca for anywhere in the world between Andalusia and China. Prior to the discovery of these maps it was thought that such cartographic grids were conceived in Europe ca. 1910. This richly-illustrated book presents an overview of the ways in which Muslims over the centuries have determined the sacred direction towards Mecca ( qibla ) and then describes the two world-maps in detail. The author shows that the geographical data derives from a 15th-century Central Asian source and that the mathematics underlying the grid was developed in 9th-century Baghdad.

Cartography --- Mathematical geography --- Qiblah --- Science --- History

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Employees, Training of --- Employees, Training of --- -Case studies